31 Ways a Freelance Writer Can Increase Productivity (And Earn More Money)

Its your year to begin independent composition. Indeed, youve reflected on it finished lastly have ventured out turning into an independent author. However, theres one that that can hurt your odds at ever getting by as an independent author. Its the interruption. Interruption from individuals and web based life. Much following three years as an independent essayist, I despite everything need to prevent myself from jumping into Facebook or putting in almost no time on Pinterest. I realize that on the off chance that I permit myself that time, an hour will be squandered. Things being what they are, how would you increment your efficiency as an independent essayist? Lets take a gander at 31 different ways independent scholars can be increasingly beneficial and win more cash. 1. Have a Workspace This may appear to be a senseless thing, however there are an entire pack of consultants out there attempting to have a business on their sofas! It would be ideal if you dont do that. Make a devoted workspace to accomplish your customer work. My significant other works down the stairs in his office during the day, and I work upstairs in our room. These days you can get a work area and PC seat second hand or on the off chance that you are bootstrapping it work in your kitchen. Be cautious however. The tallness of your table when youre composing can destroy your hands and cause torment. Standing might be a superior alternative. 2. Have Your Necessities Near By Interruptions will crawl up when you need to leave your workspace to get a beverage of water or snatch a tidbit or get your telephone. Rather, choose in advance what necessities you have to have a profitable workday. For me, they are: Water bottle Barrette Earphones Organic product Pen Note pad At whatever point I enjoy a snappy reprieve, I have all that I need close by. 3. Tune in to Music Music improves your mind-set and gets you focussed. People groups minds will in general meander, and we realize that a meandering brain is miserable, Dr. Sood said. The majority of that time, we are concentrating on the blemishes of life. Music can take us back to the current second. Tuning in to music encourages you review quicker and accompany progressively content thoughts. I despite everything tune in to a similar collection at whatever point I compose for my customers. I have molded my cerebrum to connect this music with composing, and when I hear it, I am in my composing zone. What's more, whats progressively significant, the sort of music you tune in to Baroque music improves focus and efficiency. 4. Utilize a Productivity App In the event that old style music isnt your thing, attempt an application: Brain.fm Coffitivity [emailprotected] Mind Upgrade 5. Make a Habit The best thing you can accomplish for your independent composing is to make it a propensity for composing each day! At the point when you compose each day, you become a superior essayist, figure out how to enhance your time better and be increasingly productive with your learning. Be that as it may, how might you compose each day on the off chance that you work 40+ hours seven days that drains the inventiveness out of you when you get back home? To begin with, decompress with whatever you have to do invest energy with the kiddos outside, bicycle ride, shower, TV, music, books, and so forth.. At that point, read a blog entry or two to slip yourself into the composing mode. From that point, get your necessities and compose anything like: A Tweet A LinkedIn post A Facebook post Your plan for the day on Trello A layout of an example piece A blog entry (dont have a blog? Start one here!) React to an email you got Your independent composing pitch A visitor post 6. Get Dressed This is for the homemakers like me ðÿ™‚ I will in general parlor around in my great yoga jeans and sweatshirt. In any case, guess what? At the point when I look sloppy, I feel tacky. What's more, this destroys my innovativeness. In this way, I found that on the off chance that I simply improve my dressing you know, more pleasant yoga pants and a more pleasant downy or wrap contingent upon the climate and a bit of cosmetics that my innovativeness shoots through the rooftop! Also, despite the fact that I advance writing in your pjs (in light of the fact that that is actually the best!), just do that sometimes ðÿ™‚ 7. Evacuate Distractions To be increasingly gainful as an independent author, take a stab at evacuating the most diverting pieces of your day. For instance, online networking is a HUGE interruption for me. As an approach to restrict that interruption I can expel my Facebook news source. Also, that is another motivation behind why I tune in to music so I dont hear the doorbell ring or my significant other in the kitchen preparing his lunch. 8. Have a Work Schedule and Stick to It Working for yourself will feel very freeing. Taking that break in the day will be thrilling. It was for me! In any case, I learned I wasnt as beneficial as I could be on the off chance that I had a timetable to follow. Presently I do. My timetable has changed throughout the years, however for the present, its: 8-9 am tasks + prepare twins and off to class 9 am-12 pm Email, customer work, blog entries, Pinterest illustrations 12-1 pm lunch + tasks 1-3 pm Client work, learning time, blog entry composing, web-based social networking 3-8 pm errands + family and child time, dinner, shower, bed for twins 8-11 pm Blog post composing, course exercises 9. Plan Out Your Projects Something independent scholars need to know is the means by which to structure a blog entry. I go into this in Write Your Way to Your First $1k, yet for the present moment, what I can make reference to will be to take a shot at the center pieces of a blog entry or whatever your task is. For instance, if a customer needs a blog entry, I would try to chip away at: Feature Snare (presentation) Subheading focuses CTA Screen captures of what Im discussing Source joins At the point when you have an arrangement of how you handle your activities, youll work quicker by and large. 10. Compose When the Kids Nap For the mothers out there, no house keeping during snooze time! This is the time you have to chip away at your independent composing business. I know, its extreme when youre gazing at a sink loaded with dishes or a can brimming with clean clothing. At the point when my twins snoozed, I did as much as Possible with them alert. My twins delighted in investing energy with me helping me sort the clothing and playing with the pots and skillet while I set the dishes aside! I was less liable, at that point, when they did at long last snooze, that I could get an opportunity to secure independent composing positions. Make sense of what works for you. On the off chance that that implies just working during rest times 3x per week, that is better than working during the periphery hours of the day. 11. Utilize the Pomodoro Technique The Pomodoro strategy is a lifeline for work at home mothers with minimal ones! Kids have a limited capacity to focus, so in the event that you can work when they are playing and, at that point enjoy a reprieve when your kids lose center, its a success win in the house. The Pomodoro strategy goes this way: Work continuous for 25 minutes (I did it for 20 minutes as my twins were little at that point) Take a 5-minute break ( I took a 10-minute break to do a movement with my twins) Work continuous for 25 minutes Rehash Do a couple of lumps of this and afterward enjoy a more extended reprieve 25 minutes to 1 hour relying upon your requirements. This is an adaptable calendar that you can adjust and it works! It keeps you concentrated on what you have to do during that time. 12. Conceal Your Phone Im going to age myself here, however after my twins were conceived and I began independent composition, I lost enthusiasm for my telephone. Prior to twins, I utilized my telephone continually in light of the fact that I worked outside the home and my better half and I would wander out around the town. Yet, with twins, I remained at home more and since I independent compose, I dont adventure out so a lot (albeit since the twins are more seasoned, we are going out additional). Along these lines, in the event that you live by the telephone, have a go at moving it to another room while you accomplish your work. It will be hard I know, however trust me, you wont implode without your telephone! 13. Drink Copious Amounts of Coffee Espresso is my bad habit. On awful days I can drink up to three cups. Its not useful for the nerves, however espresso can assist you with being increasingly beneficial. You are progressively caution, and you can follow up on your activities simpler. Along these lines, on the off chance that you can, start your composition with some espresso. 14. Computerize Parts of Your Business I love my business instruments! They assist me with smoothing out my business, increment my work creation and abatement my pressure. I feel that piece of the interest in your business ought to go to devices and administrations. My main three are: Tailwind for mechanizing my sticking technique ConvertKit to develop my email list Contena to assist me with securing independent composing positions rapidly (as this mom has NO an ideal opportunity to look through innumerable employment sheets) 15. Make Templates At the point when I compose my substance pieces, I for the most part follow a format. This equitable makes composing simpler and quicker. You can likewise make formats for your pitches. As another independent author, youre going to hustle hard and pitching frequently. As an approach to boost your time, you can make a standard layout for your pitch messages. I dont propose you send a similar pitch to various bids for employment. Rather, use it as a structure to compose a customized pitch. You can draft one up in Evernote or Google Doc or your scratch pad. Simply have it helpful when its opportunity to pitch. 16. Make a Swipe File A swipe record is where you store: Reference locales Greeting pages Deals pages Blog entries Screen captures of online life posts Business sites You can spare whatever you like as long as its a method to support your independent composition (and spare you time). For instance, I have a swipe document of deals page duplicate. I like to see different deals page and their duplicate strategies to assist me with my business page duplicate. Thus, you can swipe blog entries that you discover elegantly composed or have great sources. 17. Mass Your Blog Post Content At the point when I have a huge lump of time, I like to beef up my substance. This implies I pre-compose a few blog entries for my blog. On the off chance that you have a blog as an approach to assist you with landing customers, you can go through a day or two composing blog substance and dribble this substance out more than a while. In my first year as an independent author, I had a full plate of customer work. Be that as it may, I needed to keep on developing this blog, Elna Cain. In this way, I inquired as to whether they might want to add to a blog entry. I met a few independent essayists, and this helped me get content on this blog for an entire month or more. 18. Track Your Time Do you realize that in the event that you just tr

North Face Free Essays

string(68) papers after the budget reports and conclusion has been issued. Task 2: North Face Auditors are confronted with the exceptionally troublesome assignment of guaranteeing the general population, that as they would like to think, the fiscal reports of their customers are precise and liberated from any material errors. The issue is that materiality is an emotional figure. In the North Face case an insignificant income acknowledgment passage wound up being material when exacerbated with extra misquotes. We will compose a custom exposition test on North Face or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now North Face was the culprit of the purposeful misquotes yet they were disguised by the Deloitte review consultant, Richard Fiedelman. Fiedelman permitted extra non-conspicuous income to be posted and changed/supplanted the first working papers that announced the first material error. (Knapp, Rittenberg, Johnstone, Gramling, 2012) Several proper accounting rules (GAAP) and for the most part acknowledged examining norms (GAAS) were disregarded (In the Matter of Richard Fiedelman, 2003) bringing about declining stock costs and Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) sanctions. SEC Sanctioned Richard Fiedelman The SEC requires the all registrant working papers be investigated by an accomplice that isn't appointed to the commitment. At the point when the Deloitte agreeing accomplice found the errors and misquoted income they researched further prompting the survey and a definitive disclosure of the changed working papers. North Face’s review advisory group at that point held a subsequent bookkeeping firm to examine the bookkeeping records which prompted the SEC endorsing Fiedelman. (Knapp, Rittenberg, Johnstone, Gramling, 2012) 1. The SEC endorsed Richard Fiedelman for neglecting to report the progressions that his subordinates had made in 1997 North Face work papers and for neglecting to practice due expert consideration. Clarify the SEC’s objective in making every one of these charges. The SEC found that Fiedelman abused GAAP by permitting acknowledgment of net revenue on the subsequent trade change and disregarded GAAS 150, 230, 326, and 338. (In the Matter of Richard Fiedelman, 2003) Failing to Document Work Paper Changes Per the few GAAS infringement the SEC was more right than wrong to endorse Fiedelman for neglecting to archive the progressions made to North Face working papers. AU 338 (339A) coordinates reviewers on the significance of working papers. Working papers are the â€Å"principal record of the work that the evaluator has done and the ends that are reached concerning critical issues. † (Public Company Accounitng Oversight Board, 1982) The working papers help safeguard that the review commitment has been appropriately arranged and enough administered. It is likewise the record of the review proof and strategies applied to the review. Fiedelman additionally abused Auditing Standard No. 3 which is evident that any progressions must be recorded. â€Å"Circumstances may expect increases to review documentation after the report discharge date. Review documentation must not be erased or disposed of after the documentation fruition date, nonetheless, data might be included. Any documentation included must demonstrate the date the data was included, the name of the individual who arranged the extra documentation, and the purpose behind including it. † (Public Accounting Oversight Board, 2004-06) When Fiedelman amended the 1997 work papers without the best possible documentation he disregarded Standard No. 3 defending the SEC authorization. Neglecting to Exercise Due Professional Care Fiedelman disregarded AU 150 and AU 326, neglecting to execute due expert consideration. AU 150 states that â€Å"due proficient consideration is to be practiced in the exhibition of the review and the arrangement of the report. † (Public Accounitng Oversight Board, 2001) AU 230 clarifies that due expert consideration is â€Å"employments where impossible to miss ability is imperative, in the event that one offers his administrations, he is comprehended as holding himself out to general society as having the level of aptitude regularly controlled by others in a similar work, and if his pretentions are unwarranted, he submits a types of misrepresentation upon each man who utilizes him in dependence on his open calling. † It states anyway that nobody is liberated from mistake. Due expert consideration doesn't plan work to be liberated from mistake yet liberated from carelessness. (Open Accouniting Oversighe Board, 1972) Fiedelman disregarded the due expert consideration standard when he permitted the error and edge acknowledgment to be posted. The error was at that point noted however he himself ought to have known that the edge was not allowed and that the misquote ought to have been adjusted. It is likewise worried that the expanded deals from $90,000 to $3. 9 million was not examined all the more completely, again showing Fiedelmans absence of due expert consideration. Fiedelman additionally abused AU 326 Evidential Matter. With the infringement of such a significant number of evaluating principles the SEC had no other decision however to authorize Fiedelman. (Knapp, Rittenberg, Johnstone, Gramling, 2012) If there is no discipline for changing working papers evaluators would fear no repercussions and they would adjust the papers at whatever point they needed lessening the public’s affirmation of fiscal summary exactness SEC’s Punishment The SEC rebuffed Fiedelman by suspending him from being engaged with reviews of SEC customers for a long time. 2. Take a situation on the seriousness of the SEC’s discipline of Richard Fiedelman of a multi year suspension on being associated with the reviews of SEC customers, bolster your position. The discipline was reasonable. The obligation of an examiner is to safeguard budget report clients that they are liberated from any material misquotes. For this situation Fiedelman settled on a cognizant decision to permit North Face to post edge that ought not have been acknowledged, per GAAP. Fiedelman ought not be permitted to rehearse with an open bookkeeping firm until the SEC feels that he won't permit similar errors to happen once more. In the Matter of Richard Fiedelman, 2003) In request to safeguard the open that the inspecting calling is solid this sort of discipline is vital. Each case ought to be investigated on an individual premise and if there is any inquiry that the evaluator will keep on permitting misquotes they ought to be suspended from being engaged with SEC customers. Adju st Client Work Papers The PCAOB has unmistakable directions that any increments or changes to review documentation after the discharge date should be recorded. 3. Expecting that you are a review director in an open bookkeeping firm. The commitment accomplice requests that you change customer work papers after the fiscal summaries and sentiment has been given. You read North Face in classification Exposition models Determine what you would do in this circumstance. Give your method of reasoning. On the off chance that the accomplice isn't requesting that I shroud the change and the adjustment is essential, per GAAP or review principals, at that point I would make the alteration. In the event that the customer accomplice is requesting to have the papers adjusted without documentation, or the change ought not be done, I would not alter the work papers. Examining standard No. 3 obviously expresses that any alteration should be reported. Open Accounting Oversight Board, 2004-06) In the North Face case it doesn't show the staff that modified the work papers were criticized, (Knapp, Rittenberg, Johnstone, Gramling, 2012) anyway as a trough on the off chance that it is found that you changed work papers without documenta tion or need, regardless of whether there were no lawful repercussions, it would hurt your notoriety and at last influence your profession. The choice investigation structure could be utilized in deciding whether it is important to inform another review accomplice or the customer review panel about the solicitation. I would not adjust the papers yet in the event that nobody is made mindful of the advisor’s demand they may get another person to change the work papers. For this situation profound quality and morals ought to be sufficient to keep a trough from changing work papers, yet it assists with having disciplines set up to help hinder exploitative activities. Materiality Public bookkeepers by and large utilize subjective examination to decide the fitting degree of material errors. 4. Assess the act of â€Å"materiality† utilized by open bookkeeping firms and how bookkeeping firms should address it with customers. Materiality depends on the supposition a sensible speculator would not be impacted in venture choices by a vacillation in overall gain not exactly or equivalent to 5%. This â€Å"5% rule† remains the major reason for working materiality gauges. † (Vorhies, 2005) Since materiality depends on the way that financial specialists would not be impacted when unim portant misquotes are found, if the quantities of insignificant errors are little they won't forestall an unfit review conclusion. Huge misquotes and countless little errors that could be viewed as one error should be adjusted before an inadequate feeling can be given. Since all misquotes are introduced to the board and the review advisory group, how the errors should be tended to ought to be examined with them around then on. In the event that they will not make the adjustments the evaluator should decline to give an inadequate review supposition. (Vorhies, 2005) It is essential to recall that each misquote should be broke down for materiality. A little error may not appear to be important yet might be a sign of a bigger total or future misquote. (Open Coumpany Accounting Oversight Board, 2010) North Face Management Auditors are not required to condemn key choices made by their customers supervisory group, that doesn't mean they ought not use due expert consideration while breaking down administration conduct. 5. North Face’s supervisory crews were reprimanded for vital botches that they made over

Employee Free Choice A?t Guid? f?r Beginners

Employee Free Choice A?t Guid? f?r Beginners “Wh?n I’m president, w? will have an Em?l???? Free Ch?i?? A?t, ?nd I will sign it and I will w?rk for it”. S?n. Hill?r? R?dh?m Clint?n, D?tr?it AFL-CIO T?wn H?ll (June 9, 2007) Th? r?l?ti?n?hi? between ?m?l???r ?nd ?m?l???? i? some w?rth unbalanced. Em?l???r? u?u?ll? ???m t? h?v? m?r? ??w?r.Th?? h?v? th? ?bilit? t? hir? ?nd fir? ?m?l?????. S?m?tim??, ?r r?th?r m??t tim??, th?? also have th? right to m?k? ???m?nt? to ?m?l????? ?ll within a limit?d ?x???ti?n im????d by legislation ?r ?ubli? ??li?? and im?li?d b? the ?m?l??m?nt contract.L?b?ur uni?n? redress this b?l?n??, or l??k ?f it b? ?ng?ging in collective bargaining ?nd organizing unit?d ??ti?n t? ?r?t??t w?rk?r?’ right? ?nd ???ur? high?r wages and ?th?r ??n??rn?.But now, th? fr??d?m t? f?rm a uni?n h?? b???m? a d?m??r?ti? right that is under attack. T?? many w?rk?r? ?r? prevented from fr??l? choosing to band t?g?th?r in a uni?n to b?rg?in ??ll??tiv?l? with their employer on w?rk?l??? i??u??.M?r? than h?lf ?f ?ll workers in th? Unit?d St?t?? say th?? would v?t? to j?in a uni?n if they ??uld, but uni?n membership in th? ?riv?t? ???t?r is l??? than 8 ??r??nt today-down fr?m ?n?-third ?f private ???t?r w?rk?r? in the middl? ?f th? 20th ??ntur?-b???u?? existing laws make f?rming a union a H?r?ul??n task th?t few w?nt t? und?rt?k?.Th? Em?l???? Free Ch?i?? Act is a ??n?ibl? reform th?t w?uld protect w?rk?r?’ right t? join together in uni?n? ?nd make it harder for m?n?g?m?nt t? thr??t?n w?rk?r? ???king to ?rg?niz? a uni?n, but ??n??rv?tiv?? ?r? w?ging w?r ?g?in?t th? bill.The Employee Fr?? Choice A?t w?uld r??t?r? b?l?n?? to the union ?l??ti?n ?r????? b? allowing workers the ?h?i?? t? ?rg?niz? a uni?n thr?ugh a ?im?l? m?j?rit? ?ign-u? ?r?????-? system th?t w?rk? well ?t th? ?m?ll numb?r of workplaces th?t choose to ??rmit it, r?i?ing ??n?lti?? wh?n th? l?w i? vi?l?t?d and ?r?m?ting productive fir?t ??ntr??t negotiations with a m?di?ti?n ?nd ?rbitr?ti?n ??ti?n.“T?d??, a m?j?rit? ?f th? S?n?t? stood up t ? make it easier f?r w?rk?r? t? j?in a union. A minority ?f ??n?t?r? ?h?w?d whi?h ?id? they ?r? ?n b? blocking th? bill t?d?? but th?? w?nt b? ?bl? to block it f?r?v?r. When Im ?r??id?nt, we will h?v? ?tr?ng, f?ir labor l?w?”. S?n. J?hn Edw?rd?, ?t?t?m?nt released to St?t?? N?w? S?rvi?? (Jun? 26, 2007)WHAT IS THE EMPLOYEE FREE CHOICE ACTIn th? ?im?l??t ?f t?rm?, th? ??t i? basically t?lking ?b?ut giving ?m?l????? m?r? power ?nd ability to d??id? ??m? ?f th?ir faith. Th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t 2010 was a bill that was intr?du??d into b?th the House ?nd the S?n?t? ?f th? Unit?d St?t?? C?ngr??? ?n M?r?h 10, 2009.Th? point of th? bull was t? fix th? N?ti?n?l Labour R?l?ti?n? Act in order to create ?n ?ff??tiv? ???t?m t? ?ll?w ?m?l????? t? join, f?rm, ?r help l?b?r organizations, ?nd to ?ll?w f?r m?nd?t?r? ??n?ti?n? in r????n?? to unfair labor ?r??ti??? during ?ff?rt? t? ?rg?niz?, ?r other reasons.If the bill f?r th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t 2010 h?d ?????d, it w?uld h?v? ??rmitt?d a union to g?in a ??rtifi??ti?n ?? the ?uth?riz?d union to n?g?ti?t? with an ?m?l???r if th? uni?n ?ffi?i?l? gather ?ign?tur?? ?f the majority ?f th? w?rk?r?.Th? Em?l???? Fr?? Choice Act w?uld have r?m?v?d th? ?urr?nt right ?f th? employer to r??u??t a supplementary, di?tin?t b?ll?t wh?r? m?r? th?n h?lf ?fTh? AFL-CIO ?nd ?th?r leading unions b?li?v? that EFCA i? a necessary r?f?rm f?r thr?? reasons:The ?urr?nt process f?r f?rming uni?n? â€" NLRB elections â€" i? b?dl? br?k?n,Remedies f?r NLRA violations d? not adequately deter ?m?l???r unf?ir l?b?r practices, andEv?n if a uni?n win? recognition, the good faith b?rg?ining requirement i? not enough t? ?n?ur? a contract is ?r??t?d.Th? second im?li??ti?n ?f th? Employee Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t 2010 was that employers ?nd uni?n? w?uld be required t? g? int? binding ?rbitr?ti?n in ?rd?r to ?r?du?? a ??mbin?d ?gr??m?nt before 120 d??? ?ft?r a uni?n h?? gained.L??tl?, the Employee Fr?? Choice A?t w?uld have ?nl?rg?d th? penalties on ?m?l???r? who ?h?w di??rimin?ti?n against w?rk?r? th?t are involved in a uni?n.Wh?t are th? benefits of unions?Uni?n? r?i?? wages and b?n?fit? f?r th?ir m?mb?r?. When uni?n? ?r? ?tr?ng and able t? r??r???nt th? ????l? wh? w?nt t? j?in th?m, th??? g?in? spread thr?ugh?ut th? economy; n?n-uni?n companies in?r???? th?ir w?g?? and all w?rk?r? h?v? m?r? purchasing power, producing a “virtuous ?ir?l? ?f ?r????rit? ?nd j?b?,” according t? Univ?r?it? ?f C?lif?rni? ?t Berkeley Pr?f????r H?rl?? Sh?ik?n.Uni?niz?d workers also ?r?vid? a counterbalance on un?h??k?d CEO gr??d ?nd ?r?m?t? gr??t?r income equality. A Center f?r Am?ri??n Pr?gr??? r???rt found that strengthening uni?n? i? critical to r?du?ing ??v?rt? in th? Unit?d St?t??.Unions giv? w?rk?r? a gr??t?r voice at w?rk and in ?ur democracy. On the j?b, unionized nur??? h?v? b??n ?bl? t? work with h???it?l? t? im?r?v? staffing levels ?? that ??ti?nt? receive ?u?lit? care, ?nd firefighters h?v? b??n ?bl? t? im?l?m?nt new ??f?t? ?r?gr?m? t? reduce on-t he-job fatalities.Unions h?l? people ??rti?i??t? in g?v?rnm?nt and ?ignifi??ntl? in?r???? voting r?t??, ?????i?ll? f?r n?n-whit? ?nd non-wealthy v?t?r?. F?r ?v?r? 1 percent in?r???? in union d?n?it?, v?t?r turnout in?r????? by .2 to .25 percent.What will EFCA provide?Th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t remedies th??? problems in thr?? ????ifi? w???:1. R?m?v?? Curr?nt Barriers th?t Prevent Workers from F?rming Uni?n? t? B?rg?in C?ll??tiv?l?Requires th?t wh?n a m?j?rit? ?f ?m?l????? h?? ?ign?d authorizations designating the union ?? it? b?rg?ining representative, the union will b? ??rtifi?d b? the Nati?n?l Labor R?l?ti?n? B??rd (NLRB). R??uir?? th? B??rd t? d?v?l?? model authorization l?ngu?g? and ?r???dur?? f?r ??t?bli?hing th? v?lidit? of ?ign?d ?uth?riz?ti?n?.Changes the ?urr?nt corporate-dominated r??r???nt?ti?n process th?t ?n??ur?g?? companies t? ???r?? ?nd intimidate w?rk?r? wh? ???k to form a uni?n and ?r???ur? them to influ?n?? th?ir choice.FACT: Th? current ?r????? i? n?t ???r?t or democraticOft?n, management has ?lr??d? l??rn?d wh?r? ?m?l????? ?t?nd b?f?r? the “???r?t b?ll?t” vote t?k?? ?l???.M?n?g?m?nt u??? one-on-one m??ting?-?ft?n ??ndu?t?d by w?rk?r?’ dir??t ?u??rvi??r, the ??r??n with th? most ??ntr?l over th?ir job-to intimidate w?rk?r? ?nd determine th?ir support f?r uni?niz?ti?n. Union bu?ting consultants instruct ?u??rvi??r? t? g?ug? ?m?l?????’ ?u???rt f?r a uni?n based on th?ir r???ti?n? during these m??ting? and u?? grading systems t? track ?m?l???? ?u???rt for the uni?n. Employees do n?t h?v? th? l?g?l right t? refuse to discuss th? issue. Thu? th? “secret ballot” for m??t w?rk?r? i? anything but ???r?t, ?in?? their v?t? w?? kn?wn l?ng before th?? ?t????d int? th? polling b??th.A former ?nti-uni?n ??n?ult?nt wrote th?t he w?uld often ?r??t? a $100 ?riz? f?r th? ?u??rvi??r? who m??t ???ur?t?l? ?r?di?t?d th? number of anti-union v?t??, r???rting that: “In ???l ?ft?r pool the ?u??rvi??r? were astonishingly ???ur?t?.”The ?urr?nt ?l??t i?n ?r?????, governed b? th? N?ti?n?l Labor Relations B??rd, is n?t d?m??r?ti? ?nd f?il? ?n ?lm??t ?v?r? single measure ?f b??i? f?irn???. NLRB ?l??ti?n? m?r? ?l???l? r???mbl? th? sham “elections” ?f one-party states than ?n?thing w? w?uld ??ll Am?ri??n d?m??r???.In NLRB ?l??ti?n?, ??rti?? do n?t have ??u?l ?????? t? v?t?r?, ??u?l ?????? to th? m?di?, ?r fr?? speech f?r b?th ??ndid?t?? and voters.M?n?g?m?nt i? ??rmitt?d to plaster th? workplace with ?nti-uni?n inf?rm?ti?n, d?m?nd workers ?tt?nd m?nd?t?r?, ?n?-?n-?n? m??ting?, ?nd ?v?n “?r?di?t” -but n?t “thr??t?n”- that uni?niz?ti?n will f?r?? th? ??m??n? t? ?l??? its d??r?.M??nwhil? ?r?-uni?n ?m?l????? ?r? banned from t?lking about forming a uni?n except wh?n th?? are on br??k time ?nd from di?tributing ?r?-uni?n information ?t w?rk except wh?n th?? are b?th ?n br??k tim? ?nd in a br??k room. Uni?n organizers are b?nn?d fr?m ?v?r ?nt?ring th? w?rk?l??? or even accessing ?ubli?l? u??d but ??m??n?-?wn?d spaces, ?u?h ?? ?? rking lots, ?t any tim?, for any reason.Firm? ?ft?n ?r?v?nt w?rk?r? fr?m ?v?n h?lding ?n NLRB ?l??ti?n.Th? number of NLRB r??r???nt?ti?n ?l??ti?n? h?? fallen t? it? l?w??t level in ?v?r h?lf a ??ntur?.Uni?n avoidance ??n?ult?nt?-?m?l???d b? m??t ??m??ni?? facing the ?r?????t ?f a uni?n election-counsel corporations t? conduct ?n ?ggr???iv?, intimid?ting ?ff?n?iv? as soon ?? w?rk?r? b?gin di??u??ing uni?niz?ti?n. “Winning ?n NLRB election und?ubt?dl? is an ??hi?v?m?nt; a greater ??hi?v?m?nt i? not h?ving ?n? at all!” advises law firm, J??k??n L?wi?.2. Gu?r?nt??? W?rk?r? a C?ntr??t Wh?n They F?rm a N?w UnionProvides th?t wh?n an ?m?l???r ?nd newly f?rm?d uni?n are unable t? bargain a first ??ntr??t within 90 d???, either ??rt? ??n r??u??t m?di?ti?n b? the F?d?r?l M?di?ti?n ?nd Conciliation S?rvi?? (FMCS).If n? ?gr??m?nt h?? been r???h?d ?ft?r 30 d??? ?f mediation, the di??ut? i? r?f?rr?d t? binding ?rbitr?ti?n.All time limits can b? ?xt?nd?d by mutual ?gr??m?nt. This ?h?ng? ?limin ?t?? current in??ntiv?? for ?m?l???r? to delay ?nd stall n?g?ti?ti?n? ?nd will dr?m?ti??ll? r?du?? th? d?l??, fru?tr?ti?n ?nd animosity g?n?r?t?d b? th? ??m??n?-d?min?t?d ???t?m.3. Strengthens Penalties against C?m??ni?? whi?h Br??k the L?w During Org?nizing C?m??ign? ?nd Fir?t C?ntr??t NegotiationsC?m??n? violations h?v? become epidemic in large ??rt b???u?? r?m?di?? f?r ??r??r?t? misconduct, such as ill?g?l firings ?f union supporters, ?r? ?? w??k th?t ??m??ni?? treat them as a ???t ?f d?ing business and a ?h??? w?? t? scare w?rk?r? ?w?? fr?m their uni?n ?u???rt.New, t?ugh?r r?m?di?? will ?r?vid? more protection for workers’ right?.Civil P?n?lti??: U? t? $20,000 ??r vi?l?ti?n ?g?in?t ??m??ni?? f?und to h?v? wilfull? ?r r????t?dl? vi?l?t?d ?m?l?????’ rights during ?n ?rg?nizing campaign or first contract n?g?ti?ti?n?.Treble Back P??: Increases t? thr?? tim?? b??k ??? the amount a ??m??n? i? r??uir?d to ??? wh?n ?n ?m?l???? i? discharged or di??rimin?t?d ?g?in?t during an ?rg?ni zing ??m??ign ?r fir?t ??ntr??t n?g?ti?ti?n?.M?nd?t?r? A??li??ti?n? f?r Injun?tiv? Remedies: R??uir?? the NLRB t? ???k a f?d?r?l court injun?ti?n when th?r? is reasonable ??u?? t? b?li?v? a company h?? discharged or discriminated ?g?in?t employees, thr??t?n?d to do ??, ?r ?ng?g?d in ??ndu?t th?t significantly int?rf?r?? with ?m?l???? rights during ?n ?rg?nizing ??m??ign ?r first ??ntr??t negotiations. E?u?liz?? remedies by making mandatory injun?tiv? remedies ?g?in?t ??m??ni?? th? ??m? as th? ?urr?ntl? r??uir?d injun?tiv? r?m?di?? ?g?in?t unions.4. Str?ng?r R?m?di??Th? w??kn??? ?f th? NLRA’? r?m?di?l ??h?m? i? ????r?nt wh?n it i? ??m??r?d to ?th?r f?d?r?l ?t?tut??. If an ?m?l???r vi?l?t?? NLRA section 8(?)(3), th? ?m?l???? is l?g?ll? ?ntitl?d to reinstatement and b??k-??? in th? ?m?unt ?f back w?g?? minus wh?t the w?rk?r ??rn?d ?r ??uld h?v? ??rn?d in the int?rim.In contrast, th? F?ir L?b?r St?nd?rd? Act provides for double b??k??? without ?n? ?ubtr??ti?n f?r interim ??rn?d w?g?? t? w?rk?r? wh? are n?t paid proper wages.Anti-di??rimin?ti?n statutes, like Title VII of th? Civil Rights A?t ?f 1964 ?nd th? Am?ri??n? with Di??biliti?? A?t, ?l?? provide for damages for ?m?ti?n?l di?tr??? ?nd punitive damages. Furth?rm?r?, it is much easier to ?r?v? ?n ?m?l???r’? vi?l?ti?n? ?f th??? acts.EFCA will strengthen NLRA r?m?di?? b?:r??uiring th? NLRB t? seek ?n injun?ti?n ?g?in?t ?n? ?m?l???r ?ng?g?d in unlawful l?b?r ?r??ti??? during ?n ?rg?nizing ?r fir?t ??ntr??t driv?;?r?viding f?r triple b??k ??? wh?n ?n ?m?l???? i? unl?wfull? di??h?rg?d ?r discriminated ?g?in?t during an ?rg?nizing or first ??ntr??t driv?; andallowing the NLRB t? im???? ?ivil fin?? ?f up t? $20,000 f?r each violation ?f NLRA sections 8(a)(1) ?nd 8(a)(3) during an ?rg?nizing or fir?t ??ntr??t driv?.Under the ?urr?nt v?r?i?n of NLRA section 10(l), ?n ?m?l???r ??n ???k a m?nd?t?r? injunction ?g?in?t a union f?r vi?l?ting NLRA ???ti?n? 8(b)(4), 8(b)(7) or 8(?).83 Th? R?gi?n?l Director mu?t r??u??t a temporary injun?ti?n in federal ??urt if a ?h?rg? is fil?d ?g?in?t a uni?n f?r such vi?l?ti?n? ?nd th? Director believes th? ?h?rg? h?? m?rit.But, uni?n? cannot ???k 10(l) injun?ti?n? ?g?in?t ?n? ?m?l???r vi?l?ti?n? ?f NLRA 8(?). In?t??d, th?? ?r? limit?d t? seeking injun?tiv? relief und?r NLRA 10(j). Under ???ti?n 10(j), th? NLRB h?? the ??ti?n â€" but n?t the r??uir?m?nt â€" t? ???k a f?d?r?l injunction ?g?in?t unl?wful ?m?l???r ??tivit?.EFCA addresses this imbalance in injun?tiv? r?li?f b? ?m?nding ???ti?n 10(l) to state th?t inv??tig?ti?n of ?h?rg?? of ?m?l???r violations ?f NLRA 8(?)(1) or 8(?)(3) m?d? during ?n initi?l ?rg?nizing ??m??ign ?r until the fir?t ??ll??tiv? b?rg?ining contract is entered int? “shall be made f?rthwith ?nd given ?ri?rit? over ?ll other cases.”DO WE NEED THE EMPLOYEE FREE CHOICE ACT?Th? Employee Free Choice A?t, ?n? of the m??t bitt?rl? contested bills ?urr?ntl? f??ing C?ngr???, w?uld ?tr?ngth?n workers’ right t? ?h???? a union ?nd bargain with t h?ir ?m?l???r? ?v?r issues ?f w?g?? and benefits.Wh?n making th? case f?r thi? l?ndm?rk l?gi?l?ti?n, it? supporters ?ft?n ??int to th? ??ti?n? of the ??untr?’? most aggressively anti-union ?m?l???r?. And there are plenty ?f good examples t? g? r?und.According to a r???rt released b? C?rn?ll Univ?r?it?, b?th l?g?l ?nd illegal ?nti-uni?n tactics have b???m? mu?h m?r? wid???r??d in recent years.But t? full? ???r??i?t? why w? n??d l?b?r-l?w r?f?rm, w? should l??k in?t??d ?t th? ??ti?n? ?f firms that claim, ?ft?n with considerable justification, t? be g??d corporate ?itiz?n?.L?t’? ??n?id?r th? ???? ?f the UKâ€"based Tesco, th? w?rld’? third l?rg??t r?t?il ?h?in, which ???r?t?? und?r the n?m? Fresh Easy in C?lif?rni?, N?v?d? and Ariz?n?.Since 2007, Fr??h Easy has ???n?d over 100 ?t?r?? thr?ugh?ut th? western Unit?d St?t?? and h?? plans t? ???n hundr?d? m?r?.T???? ??r?? d???l? ?b?ut it? ??r??r?t? reputation. Th? ??m??n?’? Hum?n Right? P?li?? states, “Em?l????? have th? right t? fr??d?m ?f ?????i?ti?n and ??ll??tiv? b?rg?ining. We r???gniz? the right ?f ?ur ?t?ff anywhere in T???? ?r?und th? w?rld t? j?in a r???gniz?d tr?d? uni?n ?nd b?rg?in ??ll??tiv?l? wh?r? thi? is ?ll?w?d within n?ti?n?l l?w.”In th? UK, T???? h?? a ?i?n??ring ?nd ?u?????ful partnership agreement with th? ?h??-w?rk?r? uni?n, U?d?w.F?r more th?n a d???d?, T???? ?nd Usdaw h?v? ?????r?t?d ?u?????full? ?v?r i??u?? of j?b tr?ining, ?m?l??m?nt ???urit?, work rul??, and ?th?r issues ?f critical im??rt?n?? t? both th? ??m??n? ?nd employees.One Briti?h M?mb?r of P?rli?m?nt h?? ??ll?d th? ??m??n? a “h?llm?rk ?f ?m?l???? inv?lv?m?nt” and th? partnership ?gr??m?nt between T???? ?nd Usdaw has b?n?fitt?d the ??m??n?, employees ?nd consumers.In th? Unit?d States, however, T???? h?? t?k?n a more tr?ubling ?nd adversarial stance, especially in the ?r?? of workers’ right?. Th? company h?? d??lin?d to meet with a broad ???liti?n ?f community, ?nvir?nm?nt?l ?nd ??n?um?r groups in Los Angeles, and i t h?? r?fu??d num?r?u? r??u??t? t? meet with th? Unit?d F??d and C?mm?r?i?l Workers union.In 2008, T????’? ?t??df??t r?fu??l t? meet with th??? groups ??ught th? ?tt?nti?n of then-presidential candidates B?r??k Ob?m? and Hil?r? Clint?n, both of wh? wr?t? l?tt?r? to T???? CEO Tim L??h? ??king him t? r???n?id?r th? ??m??n?’? ??li?? ?f n?n-?ng?g?m?nt.S?n?t?r Obama urged L??h? “t? reconsider your ??li?? of non-engagement … and ?dvi?? ??ur ?x??utiv?? ?t Fr??h Easy t? m??t with the UFCW. I am aware of T????’? r??ut?ti?n in Brit?in ?? a partner t? uni?n?. I would h??? th?t you w?uld bring those v?lu?? t? your w?rk in America.”Fr??h Easy’s determined ?????iti?n t? uni?n? ?nd ??ll??tiv? b?rg?ining d???n’t ?t?? ?t a ??li?? ?f n?n-?ng?g?m?nt. In ?dditi?n t? refusing to m??t with r??r???nt?tiv?? fr?m th? union, Fr??h Easy h?? ?dv?rti??d f?r a hum?n r???ur?? dir??t?r with r????n?ibilit? for “m?int?ining n?n-uni?n ?t?tu? and union ?v?id?n?? activities.” (In U.S. l?b?r r?l?t i?n?, uni?n ?v?id?n?? i? widely understood ?? ??d? for “union bu?ting”-?n in?l?g?nt but ???ur?t? t?rm.)Management has in?tru?t?d ?m?l????? n?t t? talk about union issues at w?rk, ?v?n whil? it f?r??? th?m to listen to ?nti-uni?n ?????h??, ?nd has di?tribut?d ?nti-uni?n lit?r?tur? ?nd ???rdin?t?d supposedly ?rg?ni? ?m?l???? ?????iti?n t? the uni?n.Th? contrast between Tesco’s b?h?vi?r in the U.S. and th? UK i? striking. When ?m?l????? at Fresh Easy’s ?t?r? in Huntingt?n Beach presented a ??titi?n to th? ??m??n? r??u??ting uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n signed b? a m?j?rit? of th? ?m?l????? in 2008, th?? w?r? t?ld th?t the company w?uld n?t recognize their d?m?nd b???u?? th?? did n?t r??r???nt ?n “inf?rm?d m?j?rit?.”The company ?l?? argued th?t U.S. l?b?r l?w i? diff?r?nt fr?m UK law (which ?n??ur?g?? firm? to recognize unions with?ut f?r?ing ?m?l????? t? go through a l?ngth? and ??nfr?nt?ti?n?l ?l??ti?n process), and thu? it w?uld b? “irr????n?ibl?” t? b?h?v? in the ??m? w?? i n the U.S. ?? it does in th? UK. S? mu?h f?r r?????ting ?m?l?????’ fr?? choice.So in th? UK Tesco ?r??ti??? cooperation ?nd ??rtn?r?hi? with l?b?r uni?n?, whil? in the Unit?d St?t?? it i? dedicated to uni?n ?v?id?n??, ?v?n wh?n th? m?j?rit? of its ?m?l????? want uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n.And T???? is n?t ?l?n? in thi? r?????t.Several ?th?r multin?ti?n?l? that cooperate with uni?n? in Great Brit?in, G?rm?n?, Sw?d?n, Japan, Korea ?nd ?l??wh?r? fight ?ggr???iv?l? against ?m?l?????’ ?ff?rt? to f?rm uni?n? in th? Unit?d States.And l?b?r law currently ?ff?r? Am?ri??n workers littl? ?r?t??ti?n ?g?in?t th? ??ti?n? of h??til? ?m?l???r?. Or ?v?n against th??? ?f th? “g??d ?n??.”Thi? i? wh? w? n??d th? Em?l???? Fr?? Choice A?t.T?d??, milli?n? ?f Am?ri??n workers ?r? d?ni?d their right to f?rm a union because th? process ?f v?ting on uni?n formation h?? b??n corrupted. Workers th?t consider forming a union t?d?? f??? an undemocratic ???t?m ?nd are frequently intimid?t?d b? th?ir employer. A report b? th? C?nt?r f?r E??n?mi? ?nd P?li?? R????r?h find? th?t in 2007 ?t l???t one ?r?-uni?n w?rk?r w?? fired during 30 ??r??nt of uni?n ?l??ti?n ?r???????, ?nd pro-union activists f???d a more than 20 ??r??nt chance ?f b?ing fir?d.Th? problem i?n’t ju?t ??r??r?ti?n? th?t violate the law. Over th? ???r?, our l?g?l ???t?m has allowed unf?ir elections t? b???m? the n?rm. M?r? th?n 90 ??r??nt ?f companies legally f?r?? w?rk?r? t? ?tt?nd anti-union m??ting? that in?lud? “?n?-?n-?n? ??nv?r??ti?n?” with ?u??rvi??r?.According t? r????r?h by Univ?r?it? ?f Oregon Professor G?rd?n L?f?r, w?rk?r? ?ft?n face pressure fr?m th?ir dir??t ?u??rvi??r?-th? ??r??n with th? most ??ntr?l ?v?r their j?b-t? reveal th?ir ?riv?t? ?r?f?r?n??? f?r th? union. Thi? t?k?? the “???r?t” ?ut of th? “???r?t b?ll?t”-th? m??t common ??n??rv?tiv? mi??h?r??t?riz?ti?n ?f ?urr?nt union organizing rul??. Meanwhile ?r?-uni?n ?m?l????? ?r? b?nn?d fr?m t?lking about forming a uni?n ?x???t whil? th?? are ?n br ??k tim? ?nd from distributing pro-union inf?rm?ti?n ?x???t wh?n th?? are b?th ?n br??k tim? and in a br??k r??m.M?n? ??r??r?ti?n? f??u? significant tim? ?nd ?n?rg? on fighting uni?n ?rg?nizing drives; 75 percent hire consultants t? run sophisticated uni?n-bu?ting ??m??ign? b???d ?n m??? ????h?l?g? and di?t?rting th? l?w, ????rding t? Cornell Univ?r?it? Pr?f????r K?t? Bronfenbrenner. Corporations ??n ?v?n m?k? dubious ?r?di?ti?n? (but n?t thr??t?n) that uni?niz?ti?n will f?r?? the company t? ?l??? its d??r?.C?r??r?ti?n? have th? right to th?ir opinion, but they d? n?t h?v? the right t? di?t?rt th? election ?r????? t? ?u?h a d?gr?? that it i? a ??r?d? ?f d?m??r???. A d?m??r?ti? election r??uir?? th?t ?n? ?id? does n?t h?ld ?ll th? ??w?r, ??ntr?l all th? m?di?, and ??ntr?l the tim?lin? ?f th? ?l??ti?n. Y?t, th?t i? ?x??tl? wh?t m?n? uni?n elections look like today.Nevertheless, th?r? are still w?rk?l???? wh?r? workers successfully f?rm a uni?n. Th? ??r??r?t? response? Oft?n it’? t? b?rg?in with th? n?w uni?n in b?d f?ith b? u?ing d?l?? t??ti?? ?nd ?t?lling the negotiation ?f a first contract indefinitely. Th??? d?l?? t??ti?? ??n cause workers t? gr?w fru?tr?t?d and lose f?ith in their ability t? b? tr??t?d f?irl? at th? b?rg?ining table. Only 38 ??r??nt of uni?n? certified thr?ugh the N?ti?n?l L?b?r R?l?ti?n? B??rd election ?r????? achieve a fir?t ??ntr??t ?ft?r one ???r-?nd only 56 ??r??nt ?v?r achieve a first ??ntr??t.Unf?irl? ?r?v?nting w?rk?r? fr?m joining together in uni?n? it i? n?t ?nl? a vi?l?ti?n ?f th?ir basic hum?n right?, it i? ?l?? b?d for th? ???n?m? and democracy. With?ut ?tr?ng uni?n?, ?ur entire community ???? a heavy ?ri??: w?g?? lag, r??? and gender pay gaps wid?n, ?nd v?t?r turnout i? d??r????d ?? in???urit?, ??v?rt? ?nd in??u?lit? in?r????. In??m? in??u?lit? i? n?w at th? extreme levels it was in the 1920s, wh?n unionization rates w?r? ?l?? b?l?w 10 ??r??nt.THE CONSEQUENCES OF EFCAStifling Free Ch?i??Und?r th? EFCA, once ?rg?niz?r? ??ll??t signed ??rd? from a m?j?rit? ?f a ??m??n?? employees, ?ll of th? ??m??n?? w?rk?r? w?uld be f?r??d to join th? union without a v?t?. This strips workers of both their fund?m?nt?l right t? vote and th?ir privacy. Both the uni?n ?nd th? ?m?l???r would kn?w ?x??tl? whi?h workers w?nt to j?in th? union, l??ving workers vuln?r?bl? t? threats ?nd intimidation.Even wh?n ?rg?niz?r? ?b?? the l?w, card ?h??k allows uni?n ?rg?niz?r? t? push w?rk?r? t? ??mmit to j?ining a uni?n immediately ?ft?r h??ring their ?n?-?id?d ??l?? ?it?h without ?ith?r a ?h?n?? to hear th? arguments fr?m th? ?th?r side or time f?r r?fl??ti?n.When w?rk?r? d??lin? t? ?ign th? uni?n card ?n the ???t, uni?n ?rg?niz?r? r?turn again ?nd ?g?in to ?r???ur? th??? h?ld?ut? t? change th?ir mind?. Priv?t?l?, uni?n? ??kn?wl?dg? th?t uni?n cards ?ign?d und?r th??? ?ir?um?t?n??? d? n?t accurately reflect w?rk?r? desire t? j?in a uni?n.C?ntr?r? t? uni?n rhetoric, ?rg?nizing elections are fair and do ?r?t??t the rights ?f w?rk?r?. If ?n?thing th?? f?v?r uni?n organizers, which i? why uni?n? win 60 ??r??nt of organizing elections.Government d?t? show th?t employers r?r?l? fir? uni?n ?u???rt?r?-in ju?t 2.7 ??r??nt ?f ?l??ti?n ??m??ign?-?nd m??t ?ll?g?d vi?l?ti?n? ?r? investigated ?nd processed in a f?w m?nth?.T?d??? ?l??ti?n ?r???dur?? b?l?n?? the rights ?f employers ?nd unions ?nd ?n?ur? that unions have ?????? t? workers wh?n th?? ?r? not on ??m??n? time.W?rk?r? themselves disagree with th? union ??tivi?t? wh? ?l?im t? ????k f?r them. A l?rg? majority ?f uni?n members ?gr?? that ???r?t-b?ll?t elections ?r? f?ir ?nd ?h?uld n?t be r??l???d with ??rd ?h??k. Most ?th?r Am?ri??n? ?l?? ?gr??. C?ngr??? should n?t ?h?ng? a system th?t most w?rk?r? ?u???rt.R?du?ing AccountabilityThe EFCAs ????nd ??m??n?nt w?uld force employers ?nd n?wl? ?rg?niz?d unions int? binding ?rbitr?ti?n if th?? were un?bl? t? ??ttl? ?n a ??ll??tiv? b?rg?ining ?gr??m?nt within 90 d??? fr?m th? start of b?rg?ining. Thi? ?r?vi?i?n w?uld f?r?? ?riv?t ? firm? int? a ri?k? ?r????? that w?rk? ???rl? in th? public ???t?r. In states lik? Mi?hig?n th?t u?? binding ?rbitr?ti?n, it takes ?n ?v?r?g? of 15 m?nth? for ?rbitr?t?r? t? make a ruling.Binding ?rbitr?ti?n ?l???? control ?f wages ?nd employment ??nditi?n? in th? hands ?f unaccountable g?v?rnm?nt officials. Arbitrators have littl? knowledge ?f the competitive r??liti?? that firm? f??? and no ?x??rti?? in ?r?fting th? bu?in??? ??ntr??t? on whi?h workers and ?m?l???r? r?l?.An ?rbitr?t?r? ruling w?uld b? fin?l, and th? ?rbitr?t?r would n?t h?v? t? liv? with th? ??n???u?n??? ?f th? ruling.Workers ??uld n?t ?????l a d??i?i?n th?t g?v? th?m t?? littl? pay ?r one that w?uld bankrupt the firm. G?v?rnm?nt-im????d ??ntr??t? would ?l?? stifle corporate ??m??titiv?n??? and inn?v?ti?n.Ignoring Uni?n Abu???Th? EFCA? fin?l section would in?r???? ??n?lti?? ?n employers, but n?t unions th?t engage in unfair L?b?r practices during ?rg?nizing drives. Labor ??tivi?t? ?rgu? th?t uni?n? almost never ?b u?? w?rk?r? during ?rg?nizing drives, ?? th?r? is no n??d t? increase ??n?lti?? for union ?bu???. But th?? misrepresent the facts to reach thi? ??n?lu?i?n.In f??t, uni?n? h?v? been ?h?rg?d with making threats, vi?l?n??, ???r?i?n, ?nd intimidation th?u??nd? ?f tim?? ?in?? 2000.Th??? n?w ??n?lti?? w?uld ???l? n?t ju?t t? ????? ?f ill?g?l firing? but t? many actions th?t th? government prohibits but appear inn??u?u?, ?u?h ?? asking w?rk?r? what th?? would lik? t? see changed ?t th?ir w?rk?l???. Em?l???r? without experience with ?rg?nizing campaigns will b? ?t risk ?f ??mmitting multi?l? unint?nti?n?l vi?l?ti?n? ?nd racking u? steep fin??.Thi? will h?v? a chilling im???t ?n employer speech, intimid?ting th?m int? staying ?il?nt during ?n ?rg?nizing ??m??ign. C?n???u?ntl?, ?m?l????? will b? d??riv?d of th? inf?rm?ti?n th?? n??d to m?k? ?n inf?rm?d ?h?i?? ?b?ut uni?n representation.PROS AND CONSWhat ?r? the pros?a. It ?ll?w? ?m?l????? t? form a union easilyWith th? ?urr?nt l?b?r l?w, ?m?l ????? wh? wi?h t? j?in a uni?n t?lk to other w?rk?r? ?nd ??k th?m to sign authorization ??rd?. Thirt? ??r??nt ?f th? workforce mu?t ?ign to call for an election by w?? ?f ???r?t b?ll?ting.The m?n?g?m?nt can th?n ?????t but i? n?t r??uir?d to agree with the formation ?f a uni?n. With the EFCA, th?r? is no need for ???r?t balloting if m?r? th?n h?lf ?f employees ?ign ?uth?riz?ti?n cards fr?m ?n ?xi?ting labor union.b. It ?r?t??t? w?rk?r? fr?m poor l?b?r ?r??ti???Labor uni?n? ??n quickly f?rm to ?r?t??t w?rk?r rights and unsafe working ??nditi?n?. Thi? also m??n? th?t ?m?l????? have a b?tt?r m?th?d of bringing gri?v?n??? to light or ?v?n t?king them to ??urt if necessary t? create the changes that ?r? r??uir?d.Management isn’t hind?r?d b? thi? process either as it ?im?l? creates a f?rm?l method ?f procedures f?r ?m?l????? t? f?ll?w.c. It protects employees from th? abuse of th?ir right? ?? workersIf a ??m??n? unlawfully fir?? an ?m?l???? who is ?r? union, th? employer will h?v? to gi v? thr?? times the b??k ??? ?f th?t w?rk?r. With this ?r?t??ti?n, ??m??ni?? will r?fr?in fr?m u?ing unfair l?b?r ?r??ti???.d. It ??uld h?l? to b?l?n?? ?ut th? ??w?r b?tw??n big bu?in??? ?nd big uni?n?Th? ?r?bl?m with the m?d?rn ??liti??l system i? th?t ?v?r??n? h?? access to hug? pools of money â€" except the ??mm?n w?rk?r, th?t is.Th? EFCA w?uld h?l? to giv? w?rk?r? ?n the fr?nt lines more of a v?i?? in their futur? because th??’d b? ?bl? to better pool th?ir resources together t? campaign f?r wh?t th?? n??d.If n?thing ?l??, th? ??w?r ?f numbers h?l?? t? ?r?vid? ?m?l????? with ?n added level ?f ?r?t??ti?n.e. It ?r??t?? a system th?t r??uir?? ?gr??m?nt? b? r???h?dThe EFCA w?uld r??uir? that a binding agreement b? r???h?d within 120 days ?f a uni?n becoming r???gniz?d.If ?m?l???r? r?fu?? t? m?k? th? ?ff?rt to ??m? t? ?n agreement, th?n m?n?t?r? ??n?lti?? ?r? im?l?m?nt?d t? bring the ??m??n? int? ??m?li?n??.This f?r??? th? h?nd of un?thi??l ?m?l???r? to d? th? right thing when it ?? m?? to protecting th? workers they employ.f. It w?uld h?l? t? reduce th? ?nf?r??m?nt v??uum ?r??t?d b? the r?m?v?l of funding from th? N?ti?n?l L?b?r R?l?ti?n? B??rdWith?ut ?t?ffing, th? NLRB ?truggl?? t? ?h??k ?n ??m?li?n?? i??u?? fr?m today’s ??r??r?ti?n?. Thi? ?ll?w? employers with ?u??ti?n?bl? ?thi?? t? driv? their ?m?l????? int? the ground and blackmail them into ?????ting it because ?f ??m?tim?? diffi?ult ?m?l??m?nt ??nditi?n?.It r?m?v?? the “t?k? it ?r l??v? it” ?ttitud? that h?? ??m?tim?? found it??lf ?r???nt in th? modern ???n?m?.Wh?t Ar? th? C?n??“The ??-??ll?d Em?l???? Free Ch?i?? A?t ?nvi?i?n? a world where workers w?uld b? d?ni?d ?riv??? ?nd forced t? v?t? in an atmosphere ?f intimid?ti?n”. Mik? Pence a. It giv?? unions another b?rg?ining chipIf it becomes easier t? f?rm a uni?n, then it gives uni?n? ?n?th?r bargaining ?hi? t? ?ff??t th? ?r??ti??? of ??r??r?ti?n? t?d??. Thi? m??n? bu?in????? ?r? h?ld ????unt?bl? f?r their ??ti?n?, but th?r? i? nothing in plac e to hold a uni?n accountable for th?ir actions in th? ?r?????.In essence, some w?rk?r? m?? f??l f?r??d t? j?in a uni?n in ?rd?r t? be ?r???rl? r??r???nt?d ?nd th?t’? b?rg?ining ??w?r that i? unethical ?t best.b. It w?uld r??uir? mandatory ?rbitr?ti?nArbitr?ti?n can b? a g??d thing b???u?? it saves m?n?? for everyone inv?lv?d, but it can b? a v?r? b?d thing b???u?? th? ?rbitr?t?r’? decisions are typically binding.Th?r? ?r? very f?w w??? t? appeal a d??i?i?n fr?m ?n ?rbitr?t?r ?nd that can b? h?rmful to both ?m?l???r? and uni?n?.c. It allows uni?n? to h?v? ??ntr?l ?v?r ?l??ti?n?O????ing ?r???n?nt? ?f the bill ?rgu? th?t n?t ?ll ?m?l????? want t? b? m?mb?r? ?f a uni?n, ?nd if a card ?h??k i? implemented, th?? could b? forced to b???m? members.Al??, workers will not always b? inf?rm?d ?b?ut what th? uni?n i? r??r???nting, ?? they ?r? unaware until th? uni?n d??id?? t? r?v??l ?ll th? materials.d. It depletes ??m??titi?n in th? marketTh? EFCA can t?k? away the m?tiv?ti?n f?r employee s t? w?rk h?rd ?nd r?m?in competitive, ?? productivity ?nd innovation ?r? affected. Thi? ?ff??t? the l?v?l ?f ??rvi?? ?nd the ?u?lit? of ?r?du?t?, resulting in th? l??? ?f ??m??titiv?n??? in th? m?rk?t, ?nd w??kn??? of th? ???n?m?.e. It i? anti-employersTh??? ?g?in?t ??rd-?h??k bill ?rgu? th?t th? ??n?lt? ?f three times the ?m?unt ?f th? b??k of ?n ?m?l???? who is unl?wfull? fired i? too h??v? for ??m??ni??. Al??, th? ??w?r and freedom that labor uni?n? ??n gain with th? ????ing ?f the EFCA bill ??uld l??d t? m?r? demands and more l?w?uit?.If ?m?l???r? will ?uff?r fr?m a l?t ?f l?w?uit? ?nd d?m?nd?, this ??n result in huge losses and ????ibl? ?l??ur? of businesses. All of this ??n turn off inv??t?r?, ?nd w??k?n th? economy.f. It would giv? m?r? ??w?r t? in?ff??tiv? uni?n?, ?nh?n?ing a problem that ?lr??d? ?xi?t?Some uni?n? d? ?n ?x??ll?nt j?b ?f r??r???nting th?ir w?rk?r? t? ?r?t??t th?ir b??t interests. There ?r? ?th?r unions th?t are v?r? in?ff??tiv? ?nd seem to m?k? n? ?ff?rt in d?ing their j?b?.The EFCA w?uld giv? ???r uni?n? ?xtr? powers that would ?r??t? a wh?l? n?w set ?f ?r?bl?m? for ?m?l????? ?nd businesses while th?? get t? b?n?fit fr?m it.g. It r??uir?? ?ubli?l? ?ign?d uni?n ??rd? f?r ?rg?niz?ti?nThe secret b?ll?ting process is ?v?r wh?n it ??m?? t? th? EFCA. W?rk?r? wh? wish to join th? union w?uld ?limin?t? ?n?n?m?u? b?ll?ting ?nd let employers kn?w wh? w?nt?d t? uni?niz?.If th? balloting w?r? to f?il and ?m?l??m?nt w?? li?t?d ?? “?t will,” th?n th?r? ??uld be what ?m?unt? t? l?g?l retaliation ?g?in?t th??? workers.Wh?t’? worse i? that ?igning a ?ubli? card d???n’t m??n an employee w?nt? to uni?niz?, ??t it exposes a worker to ?r???ur?? from both sides ?f th? aisle.A FEW MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT EFCATh? Employee Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t i? und?m??r?ti? b???u?? it ?limin?t?? the ???r?t ballot and ?ll?w? unions t? intimid?t? w?rk?r?Th? Em?l???? Free Choice Act will r??t?r? b?l?n?? to the uni?n ?l??ti?n process b? ?ll?wing workers to ?h???? a union thr?ug h ?im?l? m?j?rit? ?ign-u? ?r an ?l??ti?n. Und?r ?urr?nt l?w, m?n?g?m?nt r?th?r th?n w?rk?r? h?? th? power t? decide wh?th?r w?rk?r? can ?rg?niz? a uni?n thr?ugh m?j?rit? sign-up ?r election.Und?r this legislation, workers retain the right t? ?h???? a tr?diti?n?l ?l??ti?n. If ?t l???t 30 ??r??nt ?f w?rk?r? w?nt ?n ?l??ti?n, r?th?r th?n m?j?rit? ?ign-u?, a “secret ballot” ?l??ti?n will b? held.M?j?rit? sign-up works w?ll at th? w?rk?l???? th?t ?h???? t? ??rmit it, in?luding large U.S. ??r??r?ti?n? ?u?h ?? ATT, In?., Unit?d Parcel Service, In?., ?nd Dow Jones Company.M?n? bu?in????? u?? ?imil?r petition processes t? form business im?r?v?m?nt districts that r?i?? area t?x?? for th? ?r?vi?i?n ?f collective ??rvi??? ?nd allow member bu?in????? a ??ll??tiv? voice to influence area decision makers ?nd improve district ??nditi?n?.Binding ?rbitr?ti?n ?r?v?nt? n?g?ti?ti?n by im???ing unr????n?bl? time limit? and will lead t? the im???iti?n ?f uncompetitive contractsAft?r workers win ?n ?l ??ti?n in f?v?r ?f uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n, a first contract mu?t b? negotiated to govern l?b?r management r?l?ti?n?. Curr?ntl?, corporations often engage in b?d f?ith b?rg?ining to prevent r???ntl? uni?niz?d workers fr?m ?v?r signing a fir?t ??ntr??t.Firm? ??ntinu? th?ir ?nti-uni?n campaigns thr?ugh n?g?ti?ti?n? b? using d?l?? tactics th?t can ??u?? workers t? gr?w frustrated ?nd l??? faith in th?ir ability to be treated f?irl? at the b?rg?ining t?bl?.Onl? an ??tim?t?d 38 ??r??nt ?f uni?n? ??rtifi?d through th? NLRB ?l??ti?n ?r????? achieve a fir?t ??ntr??t after ?n? ???r, ?nd ?nl? 56 percent ever ??hi?v? a fir?t ??ntr??t.In C?n?d?, wh?r? ??v?r?l ?r?vin??? r??uir? binding arbitration if labor and m?n?g?m?nt ??nn?t ??m? to ?n agreement, K?r?n Bentham ?f th? University of T?r?nt? found th?t workers who form uni?n? r???h a fir?t contract 92 percent ?f th? tim?.The v??t m?j?rit? of ??ntr??t negotiations are resolved v?lunt?ril? wh?r? ?rbitr?ti?n i? ?n option.Th? arbitration ??ti?n d??? no t mean th?t l?b?r or m?n?g?m?nt will b? ru?h?d int? unf?ir agreements. All tim? limit? und?r th? Employee Fr?? Ch?i?? Act can b? ?xt?nd?d by mutual ??n??nt of th? ??rti??-giving th? ??rti?? flexibility to use th? tim? fr?m?? that fit their ????ifi? needs. Voluntary n?g?ti?ti?n? ??n proceed as ?l?wl? ?r ?ui?kl? ?? necessary ?? l?ng as b?th parties f??l that th? ?th?r i? n?g?ti?ting in g??d f?ith.The l?gi?l?ti?n w?uld allow ?ith?r ??rt? t? ???k m?di?ti?n ???i?t?n?? ?ft?r 90 days ?f negotiations. Aft?r 30 days of m?di?ti?n, ?ith?r ??rt? ??n r??u??t binding ?rbitr?ti?n.In?r???ing uni?niz?ti?n, ?????i?ll? during th? r?????i?n, will h?rm w?rk?r? and th? economy b? m?king bu?in??? uncompetitiveUni?n? r?i?? w?g?? ?nd benefits f?r ?ll w?rk?r?. Uni?n workers ??rn significantly more ?n ?v?r?g? th?n n?n-uni?n counterparts and uni?n employers ?r? m?r? lik?l? to ?r?vid? b?n?fit?.Unionized workers ??rn 11.3 percent ($2.26 dollars ??r hour) m?r? th?n non-union w?rk?r? with ?imil?r ?h?r??t?ri?ti??. Uni?n workers nationwide ?r? 28.2 ??r??nt m?r? likely t? h?v? ?m?l???r-?r?vid?d health in?ur?n?? ?nd 53.9 ??r??nt more lik?l? t? h?v? employer-provided ??n?i?n? ??m??r?d t? w?rk?r? with ?imil?r ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? who ?r? n?t in uni?n?. W?rk?r? in l?w-w?g? indu?tri??, w?m?n, Afri??n-Am?ri??n, and L?tin? w?rk?r? h?v? high?r w?g?? in uni?niz?d w?rk?l???? than in non-unionized w?rk?l????.Even n?n-uni?n w?rk?r?-??rti?ul?rl? in highly uni?niz?d industries-receive financial benefits fr?m companies that in?r???? wages t? match wh?t uni?n? w?uld win in ?rd?r to ?v?id uni?niz?ti?n ?nd t? retain employees.With?ut uni?n?, f?w?r w?rk?r? g?t ahead. Uni?n membership rewards w?rk?r? f?r ?r?du?tivit? gains th?? d???rv?, but d? not always receive.D??lining uni?niz?ti?n r?t?? mean that workers ?r? l??? lik?l? t? r???iv? good wages ?nd b? r?w?rd?d f?r th?ir increases in ?r?du?tivit?. In 1980, 25.7 percent of American w?rk?r? were ?ith?r members ?f a uni?n ?r represented b? a uni?n at th?ir w?rk?l???. By 2 008, th?t portion d??lin?d to 13.7 ??r??nt.Thr?ugh?ut th? 20th ??ntur?, Am?ri??n w?rk?r? h?v? h?l??d ?ur ???n?m? grow b? b???ming more ?r?du?tiv?. Prior t? th? 1980?, productivity ?nd w?rk?r?’ w?g?? moved in t?nd?m-?? w?rk?r? ?r?du??d m?r? ??r h?ur, th?? ??w a ??mm?n?ur?t? in?r???? in th?ir ??rning?-but thi? link between ???n?mi? gr?wth ?nd th? w?ll-b?ing ?f the middl? ?l??? has br?k?n d?wn.From 1980 t? 2008, nationwide worker ?r?du?tivit? gr?w b? 75 percent, while w?rk?r?’ inflation-adjusted ?v?r?g? w?g?? increased b? ?nl? 22.6 ??r??nt-m??ning that workers were ??m??n??t?d for ?nl? a ?m?ll ?h?r? ?f their ?r?du?tivit? g?in?. High?r uni?n w?g?? r?w?rd workers f?r a larger portion ?f th?ir productivity g?in?.CONCLUSIONTh? need for reform ?f American labour l?w has in?r????d ?? a r??ult ?f th? ?vi???r?ti?n of l?ng-?t?nding NLRB ?r???d?nt by the Bush-appointed Board. Alth?ugh th? Ob?m? B??rd m?? reverse m?n? ?f th??? decisions, w?rk?r?’ rights will remain in a ?r???ri?u? ???iti?n if th? law itself i? n?t ?h?ng?d. Taft-Hartley’s ?r?t??ti?n ?f ?m?l???r “fr?? ?????h” limits the Board’s ?bilit? t? ?r?v?nt ?r?-?l??ti?n ???r?i?n.Whil? th? ???t Board w?? unwilling to u?? ?v?il?bl? r?m?di??, a B??rd d?di??t?d t? aggressive enforcement will ?till have littl? t? work with, owing t? the weakness of th? NLRA’? remedial scheme.Fin?ll?, entering a collective b?rg?ining agreement i? t?? difficult du? to th? weakness ?f th? “good faith” b?rg?ining dut? and the unequal ability to ?ng?g? in ???n?mi? warfare created by T?ft-H?rtl??’? r??tri?ti?n? ?n union ??tiviti??.EFCA’? r?f?rm? mu?t b? vi?w?d in th? context of current ?nd ???t law. Th? ?urr?nt ?l??ti?n ???t?m giv?? ?m?l???r? t?? many advantages over unions. Card check ??uld be im?l?m?nt?d b? th? NLRB ?l?ng th? lines of th? J?? Silk doctrine, ?? w?ll ?? state and f?r?ign l?w. Th? quick ?l??ti?n scheme proposed in ?l??? of card ?h??k should ?l?? m?k? it easier f?r w?rk?r? t? ?rg?niz?.Although EFCA ?nl? im?r? v?? r?m?di?? ?v?il?bl? t? workers, thi? “?n?-?id?d” reform is not so ?n?-?id?d once you ??n?id?r th? ?urr?nt imb?l?n?? of ?v?il?bl? r?m?di?? b?tw??n ?m?l???r? ?nd ?m?l?????.Lastly, EFCA’? im???iti?n ?f int?r??t ?rbitr?ti?n for initial collective b?rg?ining di??ut?? lacks d?t?il? but th??? d?t?il? can ???il? be fill?d in b? FMCS thr?ugh r?li?n?? ?n NLRB ?r???d?nt. If EFCA does not ???? in th? 111th C?ngr???, l?b?r is prepared f?r a long-term struggle t? win it? passage 96.Thu?, although EFCA may n?t ???? thi? ???r, w? h??? th?t the f?r?g?ing l?g?l analysis will r?m?in r?l?v?nt to th? ?ng?ing debate over the futur? of U.S. l?b?r l?w.FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)Wh?t i? card ?h??k?C?rd ?h??k i? th? t?rm u??d f?r a method ?f organizing ?m?l????? int? a labor uni?n.   It i? a ??n???t that w?uld become th? ?rim?r? way th?t uni?n ?rg?niz?r? w?uld f?rm workers into a uni?n under l?gi?l?ti?n ??ll?d th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t (EFCA).Und?r card check, a uni?n w?uld be formed if a m? j?rit? ?f ?m?l????? (50 ??r??nt plus ?n?) ?ign uni?n ?uth?riz?ti?n f?rm? ?r ??rd?.Wh?t i? ?n authorization ??rd?An authorization card is typically a thr?? by fiv? card that a union organizer asks employees to ?ign.   Th? ?rinting ?n the ??rd typically states, at a minimum, I hereby designate th? [NAME OF UNION] to ?? m? ??ll??tiv? b?rg?ining r??r???nt?tiv?.Why d? uni?n? want t? implement ??rd ?h??k?Th? ?im?l??t answer is th?t ??rd ?h??k w?uld m?k? it mu?h ???i?r for uni?n organizers t? f?rm w?rk?r? int? uni?n? ?nd th?t it would giv? uni?n? a l?rg? in?r???? in membership. A large in?r???? in m?mb?r?hi? ?l?? means an in?r???? in m?mb?r?hi? dues, ?r funding f?r th? uni?n?.Uni?n? ?l??d for card ?h??k rul?? b???u?? th?? ?l?im employees ?uff?r at th? hands ?f employers ?? a r??ult ?f NLRB ?l??ti?n?.H?w?v?r, uni?n? continue to ?nj?? ju?t about the ??m? r?t? of vi?t?r?-t??i??ll?, 55 t? 60 ??r??nt, but ?? high ?? 67 ??r??nt in the fir?t half ?f 2008-in ???r?t-b?ll?t elections as th?? did in 1965.This relatively ??n?t?nt ?u????? rate suggests that labor’s disappointment with ?l??ti?n results likely h?? m?r? t? d? with th? w?ning d??ir? ?f employees t? be union m?mb?r? than ??ti?n? by ?m?l???r?.Wh? d? w? need majority sign-up?Democratic majority ?ign-u? ?r???dur?? ?r? th? m??t ?ff??tiv? w?? t? d?t?rmin? th? wi?h?? ?f a m?j?rit? ?f ?m?l????? ?nd ?r? n??????r? t? ?v?id anti-democratic employer ???r?i?n through th? NLRB ?l??ti?n ?r?????.Th?? ?n?ur? workers a f?ir ?h?n?? t? unionize ?nd ?r?m?t? h??lth? r?l?ti?n?hi?? b?tw??n ?m?l???r? ?nd ?m?l????? whil? n?g?ti?ting contracts f?r f?ir w?g??, ?d??u?t? healthcare, ?nd liveable pensions.Wh?t d??? the Em?l???? Free Ch?i?? A?t do?Th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t ?n?bl?? w?rk?r? t? h?v? a choice of whether t? j?in a union or n?t with?ut a f??r of l??ing th?ir j?b?.It creates a fair ?nd d?m??r?ti? ?l??ti?n process f?r employees t? ?bt?in a contract within a ??n?ibl? ?m?unt ?f tim? ?nd w?uld strengthen ??n?lti?? ?n ?m?l???r? who vi?l?t ? th?ir w?rk?r? right?.Workers in Uni?n? are able t? negotiate f?r a better ?u?lit? ?f life in?t??d ?f allowing CEO’? t? have ?ll th? ??w?r.Wh?t i? wr?ng with th? l?w? we h?v??Under current l?w, ?v?n if a m?j?rit? of w?rk?r? sign u? for a uni?n, th? company can v?t? th?t decision ?nd demand ?n ?l??ti?n. This giv?? th? company tim? t? fir? ?r harass w?rk?r? ?nd threaten t? ?l??? the w?rk?l??? t? ???r?? workers into v?ting ?g?in?t a uni?n.Under th? Em?l???? Fr?? Choice Act, if a majority ?f ?m?l????? sign cards indi??ting th?? w?nt t? ?rg?niz?, th?n th? ??m??n? h?? t? r???gniz? th? union, ?? l?ng as it i? ??rtifi?d by th? N?ti?n?l L?b?r Relations B??rd.Wh? ?r? M?di?ti?n ?nd Arbitr?ti?n Rules needed?M?di?ti?n ?nd Arbitr?ti?n Rul?? ?r? n??d?d b???u?? m?n?g?m?nt ??n hinder employee fr?? ?h?i?? b? refusing to b?rg?in ?nd th? ?urr?nt l?w h?? no recourse f?r ?u?h ??ti?n?.Management i? ?bl? to postpone ?nd stop n?g?ti?ti?n? ?nd th? ?urr?nt w?rking conditions ??ntinu?d t? be im?l?m?nt?d whi le th? stalemate ??ntinu??.The ??n?lt? f?r bad faith ?r ?urf??? b?rg?ining i? typically ?n order t? r??um? b?rg?ining, whi?h ??n then be ???t??n?d. It i? a vicious ???l? in whi?h the Am?ri??n W?rk?r loses.I Alr??d? H?v? a Uni?n. Wh? Sh?uld I Su???rt the Em?l???? Free Ch?i?? Act?Wh?n ??m? w?rk?r? are d?ni?d a v?i?? on th? j?b, it hurt? ?ll w?rk?r?. A? m?r? workers unit?, our ?tr?ngth builds, whi?h enables u? t? win high?r wages f?r ?ll workers, ?????? to affordable h??lth??r?, and ?r?t??t ?ur ??n?i?n?.Ive H??rd That th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t Will T?k? Aw?? S??r?t B?ll?t El??ti?n?. I? Th?t Tru??No. Th? Em?l???? Fr?? Choice A?t preserves secret ballot elections, but ?l?? ?n?ur?? th?t workers, n?t CEO?, d??id? wh?th?r t? form a union at work through majority sign-up.Right now, ?v?n wh?n a m?j?rit? ?f employees in a w?rk?l??? sign ??rd? ???ing th?? w?nt t? form a union and h?v? them certified b? th? f?d?r?l ?g?n?? th?t ?v?r???? l?b?r l?w, the ??m??n? ??n d??id? th?t w?rk?r? have t? d? it all ?g?in m?nth? l?t?r by f?r?ing them to h?ld ?n ?l??ti?n.Thi? l?gi?l?ti?n ensures that workers d??id? f?r th?m??lv??, not ??r??r?ti?n?, ?b?ut f?rming a union.Summ?r? ?f S??ti?n 2 ?f th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?tThe Employee Fr?? Ch?i?? Act 2010 would h?v? r?vi??d th? N?ti?n?l L?b?r R?l?ti?n? Act in three m?in w???.The fir?t w?? w?? through section 2 of the ??t ?r “Str??mlining uni?n certification”, whi?h would h?v? g?tt?n rid ?f th? n??d f?r ?n?th?r b?ll?t th?t i? u??d to g?t ?n employer r???gniz? th? uni?n, ?nl? if m??t w?rk?r? h?v? signed ??rd? ?t?ting th?ir wi?h t? b? a ??rt ?f th? uni?n. Th? r????n f?r the recognition ?f the uni?n i? for th? ?ur???? of h?ving ?x?lu?iv? collective b?rg?ining with th? ?m?l???r.Curr?ntl?, th? N?ti?n?l Labor R?l?ti?n? A?t ?t?t?? th?t after at least 30 ??r??nt ?f ?m?l????? wi?h t? h?v? uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n, a ????nd separate ???r?t b?ll?t is th?n h?ld t? authorize that th? common ??ini?n of employees is t? h?v? union representation.This b?ll ?t ?nl? ???ur? if th?r? i? a ?u??ti?n ?f ?m?l???? r??r???nt?ti?n, ?r if th? results ?r? ??nt??t?d. Undi??ut?d union ??titi?n? that have b?th the ?m?l???r ?nd ?m?l????? ?gr?? d? n?t n??d ?n? furth?r election. In ?r??ti??, the ??rd check r??ult? u?u?ll? are n?t ?h?wn t? th? employer until ?t least 50 ?r 60 ??r??nt ?f th? b?rg?ining-unit ?m?l????? have ?r???nt?d ??rd? with signatures.Furth?rm?r?, ?v?n if ?ll ?m?l????? h?v? signed ??rd? ?t?ting their preference f?r uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n, ?n ?m?l???r m?? request a ???r?t ballot, and deny ?n? negotiations until a ballot is h?ld.The result ?f ???ti?n 2 ?f th? ?m?l???? free ?h?i?? ??t ?umm?r? w?uld h?v? ?limin?t?d th? furth?r requirement t? ?uth?riz? th? uni?n ??n r??r???nt th? ?m?l????? with thi? ?dditi?n?l ballot.The ??t w?uld have r??ult?d in ?n employer b?ing un?bl? t? demand a second secret b?ll?t ?ft?r a majority h?d ?lr??d? ?l???d th?ir n?m?? ?n th? ??rd? indicating th? wi?h to h?v? uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n.Section 2 of the Em?l???? free choice act ?umm?r? ??ntinu?d ?n t? let th? N?ti?n?l L?b?r R?l?ti?n? Board draw u? m?r? specified ?nd detailed regulations r?g?rding inaccuracy ?f the ?r???dur? to r???gniz? th? m?j?rit?.The procedure ?f uni?n d???rtifi??ti?n w?uld r?m?in th? ??m? under the Em?l???? Free Choice A?t 2010, so an employer could v?lunt?ril? r?j??t uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n while ?n m?j?rit? ?f th? employees working th?r? ?l??? their ?ign?tur?? ?n d???rtifi??ti?n ??rd? ?r ??m?h?w show th?t th? ?m?l????? n? l?ng?r wi?h to have uni?n r??r???nt?ti?n, ?r if 30% of ?m?l????? put th?ir ?ign?tur?? on a petition t? h?v? a ???r?t ballot ?l??ti?n and a m?j?rit? v?t? f?r uni?n d???rtifi??ti?n.Summ?r? of S??ti?n 3 ?f th? Em?l???? Free Ch?i?? A?tS??ti?n 3 of the Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? Act 2010 is th? S??ti?n f?r f??ilit?ting initi?l collective b?rg?ining ?gr??m?nt?. Thi? ??rti?n ?f the bill ?r?vid?? th?t a union may r??uir? an employer to ?t?rt n?g?ti?ti?n? for the ?ur???? ?f a ??ll??tiv? ?gr??m?nt within 10 d??? after a uni on is ??rtifi?d.If both th? uni?n and th? ?m?l???r ??nn?t r???h an agreement within th? first 90 d???, ?ith?r ??rt? ??n t?k? the di??ut? up t? the Federal M?di?ti?n and C?n?ili?ti?n S?rvi??, th? ?rg?niz?ti?n th?t gives mediation f?r fr??.If the F?d?r?l Mediation ?nd Conciliation Service is un?bl? t? g?t th? parties t? ?gr?? after giving 30 d??? of mediation services f?r th? dispute, the di??ut? is th?n moved fr?m the F?d?r?l Mediation ?nd C?n?ili?ti?n S?rvi?? and referred to ?rbitr?ti?n.Th? arbitration results are th?n th? binding ?gr??m?nt for th? ??rti?? ?nd ?h?ll l??t f?r tw? ???r?. B?th the ?m?l???r ?nd the uni?n can ?gr?? to extend the time limit? ?r deadlines on the agreement.Summary ?f Section 4 of the Employee Fr?? Choice ActSection 4-A ?f th? Bill i? th? ?tr?ngth?ning enforcement section ?nd w?rk? to make th? N?ti?n?l Labor R?l?ti?n? B??rd l??k f?r injunctions ?g?in?t ?n? ?m?l???r who discriminates against hi? ?wn ?m?l????? who ?ut efforts int? uni?n ?rg?niz?ti?n.Th? bill ? ?rti?ul?rl? ?ll?w? f?r an injun?ti?n whenever a given ?ll?g?ti?n i? ?r?v?n, m??ning th?t ?n ?m?l???r h?? discharged or thr??t?n?d t? or h?? discriminated ?g?in?t a giv?n ?m?l???? who l??k?d f?r uni?n representation. An injun?ti?n i? ?l?? ????ibl? if the employer took part in ?n? unf?ir l?b?r ?r??ti??? that r??ult in restrained right? under Section 7 ?f the N?ti?n?l Labor R?l?ti?n? B??rd.Pr???ntl?, th??? kind? ?f f?d?r?l court injunctions are ?blig?t?r? ?nl? f?r vi?l?ti?n? d?n? by uni?n?. Th?r? ?r? no ??uiv?l?nt r?m?di?? for unl?wful ??t? th?t ?r? ??mmitt?d b? ?m?l???r? wh? vi?l?t? workers’ right?.S??ti?n 4-B ?f th? Em?l???? Fr?? Ch?i?? A?t Summary works to heighten penalties for ?n? employer wh? violates th? law. Th? ?m?unt of fin?? ?n employer i? ?blig?t?d t? pay when ?n? ?f hi? or h?r ?m?l????? ?r? ill?g?ll? di??rimin?t?d against ?r discharged ?ft?r ?r during a ??m??ign ?r first contract driv? is twi?? th? b??k ??? ?? th? li?uid?t?d d?m?g?? ?? w?ll as th? ?rigin?l back ??? ?w?d. Currently, damages by th? employer ?r? limit?d to just b??k pay, or any wages that ?r? ??rn?d by ?n ?m?l???? in th? ???? th?? are hir?d b? another employer. Th?r? w?uld not be a ?r?vi?i?n f?r ?unitiv? ?r ??m??n??t?r? d?m?g??.Lastly, th? Employee Fr?? Ch?i?? Act ?umm?r? w?rk? t? ?r?vid? f?r ?ivil fines of a m?ximum v?lu? of $20,000 per individu?l vi?l?ti?n ?g?in?t ?n ?m?l???r wh? h?? b??n found t? have repeatedly ?r willfully vi?l?t?d the rights of an employee during a first contract driv? ?r ??m??ign ?rg?niz?ti?n. Th?r? ?r? ?urr?ntl? n? civil fin?? in r????n?? to these vi?l?ti?n?.

Nondiegetic Music Of The Doors In The Scene Waiting In...

Nondiegetic music of the Doors in the scene waiting in Saigon Sound plays a significant part in all movies and one of the most interesting of all the sound techniques would be the use of nondiegetic music. In the movie Apocalypse Now, there is a double disc soundtrack with thirty tracks on it. The one song on there that has the most meaning would The Doors song â€Å"The End†. This song not only set the mood for the scene waiting in Saigon and the move as a whole but is also used to foreshadow the death of Coronal Kurtis. Mr. Coppola, the director of the film, was a genius for picking this song to represent the movie. It not only fits the movie with the sounds of helicopter but the words alone have significant meaning to the movie. Along†¦show more content†¦This music is used to bring a hallucinatory intensity to the movie. Without the song in the background all we would see is the destruction that the war had on the jungle. With the music we get more of feeling of the destruction that it had mentally, not only physically on Wi llard mind. We get the sense that Willard knows something that we as viewers don’t and is trying to forewarn us that something is going to end. The first spoken words of the song add the needed intensity to the sequence and the whole movie. To let the viewers know that something is going to end. Whither it is the end of the war, or the end of a life. As we move into the montage sequence of shots, the music words are used to express what we are seeing on screen. Mr. Coppola uses the rest of the sequence to foreshadow what is going to happen at the end of the movie. This is the main function of the song in the movie, which is to get the viewers mind thinking about the end of the movie. It starts out with an overlapping dissolve from the burning jungle into Willard’s burnt wet face. As the dissolve leads to Willard’s face we hear the song say, â€Å"I’ll never look into your eyes†¦again.† This symbolizes death. We get the sense through the music that someone, either Willard or someone else in the move, is going to die. The music is still playing as we get a delusional view of what Willard is thinking about. Then we get to another shot where we see a

Learn to Sing Douce Nuit or Silent Night in French

Here are the French lyrics with a literal translation, followed by the traditional English lyrics. The tune is the same, but as you can see, the French version of this Christmas carol is quite different. Listen to a video of Douce Nuit on YouTube  Ã¢â‚¬â€ the song takes some time to start but it does eventually, with the lyrics underneath which is convenient if youd like to learn it in French. Douce Nuit With Literal English Translation Douce nuit, sainte nuit!Dans les cieux ! Lastre luit.Le mystà ¨re annoncà © saccomplitCet enfant sur la paille endormi,Cest lamour infini ! x2 Sweet night, holy night!In the skies, the start shines.The announced mystery is taking placeThis child asleep on the straw,He is infinite love! Saint enfant, doux agneau !Quil est grand ! Quil est beau !Entendez rà ©sonner les pipeauxDes bergers conduisant leurs troupeauxVers son humble berceau ! x2   Saint child, sweet lamb!How tall! How beautiful!Do you hear the pipesOf the shepherds who lead their herdsTowards his humble cradle! Cest vers nous quil accourt,En un don sans retour !De ce monde ignorant de lamour,Oà ¹ commence aujourdhui son sà ©jour,Quil soit Roi pour toujours ! x2   It’s towards us he is running,In a gift without end !Of this world ignoring love,Where today starts his stay,Let him be king for ever! Quel accueil pour un Roi !Point dabri, point de toit !Dans sa crà ¨che il grelotte de froidO pà ©cheur, sans attendre la croix,Jà ©sus souffre pour toi ! x2 What a welcome for a king!No shelter, no roof!In his manger he is shivering with coldO sinner, without waiting for the cross,Jesus is suffering for you! Paix à   tous ! Gloire au ciel !Gloire au sein maternel,Qui pour nous, en ce jour de Noà «l,Enfanta le Sauveur à ©ternel,Quattendait Israà «l ! x2 Peace to all ! Glory to heavens !Glory to the maternal breast,Who for us, on this Christmas dayGave birth to our eternal Savior,Who Israà «l was waiting for. Lyrics to Silent Night Silent night, Holy nightAll is calm, all is brightRound yon virgin, mother and childHoly infant, tender and mildSleep in heavenly peace,Sleep in heavenly peace.3 Silent night, Holy nightSon of God, loves pure lightRadiant beams from thy holy faceWith the dawn of redeeming grace,Jesus, Lord at thy birthJesus, Lord at thy birth.2 Silent night, Holy nightShepherds quake, at the sightGlories stream from heaven aboveHeavenly, hosts sing Hallelujah.Christ the Savior is born,Christ the Savior is born

Essential Questions Free Essays

While the North veered toward a mechanical future of efficiency and invention the Southern dependence on their cotton industry kept them at a stand still. By 1877 prior t o the compromise which ended Southern Reconstruction the Southern economic system was in a steady decline as emend for cotton slowly shifted while the North’s demand for manufactured goods continued its steady incline. Peopling: How did the growth of mass migration to the United States and the railroad a effect settlement patterns in the cities in the west? The growth of mass migration to the United States caused massive population n changes which tended to slow as immigrants settled into large towns and cities near or center red around the growing railroads which promised life and fortune to the prospective America Politics and Power: Why did the attempts at compromise before the war fail to prevent the inflict? To what extent and in what ways, did the Civil War and reconstruction n transform American political and social relationships? The attempts at compromise failed because no politician was ever able to full y address the issues of slavery in a way that would last forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plus the fact that no Southern nerd was willing to give up their way of life because of a northerner who did not know t he value of slavery. America in the World: How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events? As the European powers grew and left slavery for industry America was the la SST of the powers to attain a patch of slavery slowing the turn towards industry. With growing ball Zionist movements the views of the world focused on slavery in the south. Environment and Geography: How did the end of slavery and technology and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the so the and the west? At the end of the civil war with the end of slavery and the introduction of milt ray rule to the south there was a massive change in settlement as freed slaves began travels Eng throughout the south to find lost loved ones. Introduction of â€Å"modernized military tactics and other technologies lowed the flow of populations within the American South. Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture: How did the doctrine of manifest destiny affect debates over territorial expansion and the Mexican war? How did the Civil War struggle shah pep Americans beliefs about equality, democracy, and national destiny? The doctrine of Manifest Destiny caused a lot of debates concerning the right of American expansions in the west while all other countries could no longer claim any of t he land. The results of the civil war molded and enforced American belief in the divinity of their actions of spreading democracy from ocean to ocean. How to cite Essential Questions, Papers Essential Questions Free Essays Europeans even knew about the Americas, Native American tribes were the first inhabitants. These first inhabitants were a people group united by kinship and called Pale-Indians and they settled in the Americas between twelve and fifteen thousand years ago. Large mammals and an abundance of plants drew hunter- gatherers to the Americas, which provided the sustenance necessary for survival. We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Agriculture takes hold in a portion of the Americas between 1000 to 1200 AD, but spreads further and more extensively by 500 AD. Agriculture in the Americas was much different than in Europe and other countries. In the Americas, crops such as corn, beans, and squash were grown and there were no animals involved. Early fifteenth century, Europe was a patchwork of small kingdoms and principalities, and Europe began to expand Into Muslim country and acquired a desire to trade goods with Asia, so they went about exploration of other than previous forms and ended up In America, without knowing It. Soon after Columbus arrived, Spanish explorers took an interest and also began to Lonnie, and proceeded to slaughter large numbers of Indians in get rich quick attempt. Also missionaries took an interest in converting the Indians to Christianity, which resulted in blended versions of Catholicism that exist today. Conquistadors, Spanish colonists under a man named Cortez, conquered the Aztec and began Indian labor system. Because of the scarcity of laborers in the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish colonists looked to Africa for black slaves. Spanish colonization and exploitation of Indians resulted in the Pueblo revolt against the Spanish. Europe soon followed their explorer Columbus to the Americas, bringing diseases and sickly pigs, this event Is now called the Great Dying. The Indians began to resist the power of the Spanish and soon coexisted with them, adopting their cultures and learning the Spanish language. Coming to America: Portrait of Colonial Life The New World, the Americas, became a magnet for all ethnic groups. People had such a desire to go to the Americas that they would indenture themselves so that they could pay for their passage to the Americas. Voyages to the New World were ungenerous and many died on the voyage, while the youngest and healthiest were sold on shipboard. In New England, family relationships were of a great deal of importance. A marriage ceremony was created by the Puritans who also established obligations that were to be fulfilled by the male and female In each relationship. Divorce also became a right If a spouse broke the rules. The head of the house was to have moral order and correctional order and emotional stability. Men were expected to work in the fields and women joined them during harvest time, but made soaps, How to cite Essential Questions, Papers

Business Brief for Franklin Fan Company- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Brief for Franklin Fan Company, Answer: Introduction Franklin Fan Company, the producer of the electric fan, was built up by engineers Dan Block and Ed Spriggs. The organization was started in Dan Block's garage and showed moderate however relentless growth for the first seven years. It was amid this time Mr. Block and Mr. Spriggs planned to shift the business to an old meat-packing warehouse situated on Chicago's South Side. As more area was available for storing the stock, the organization started producing extra series of fans; developing the business. After 15 years, the organization again migrated to a fresh modern warehouse and turned into the biggest autonomous producer of fans in the north central area. The area of new warehouse is greater than 100,000 square feet. The extra space has expanded limit from 65% to 90%, however sales growth did not increase (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, n.d). Analysis Capacity is the most extreme degree of output that an organization supports to prepare a product or give a service over a timeframe (investopedia.com, n.d). Capacity planning is necessary to decide ideal utilization of asset and plays an essential role in decision-making process, for instance, development of prevailing operations, changes to product line, beginning the new products, and so forth. Planning guarantees that operating cost is kept up at any possible measure without influencing the features. It ensures the organization to stay centred and can reach the long-term improvement plan. A complete objective of capacity planning is to meet the present and future level of the necessity at an irrelevant wastage (MSG, n.d). Manufacturing capacity is expanded to meet a quick rise in demand of the customer or to meet a future rise in customer demand. A quick capacity increase is procured by utilizing apparatus that is already in charge for some time using extra shifts or additional time; or deploying the work. Future capacity increments are accomplished utilizing the present apparatus more effectively or purchasing new apparatus. Franklin Fan Company tries to increase its business units. Its goal is to pick up escalation in the fan market and acquire more portion of the overall industry. Franklin's want of escalation must be compelling because the more prominent the size of the market, the more noteworthy the benefit (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, n.d). However, the expansion in capacity of manufacturing brings about increased expenditure, more critical complexities, and requirement for skilful administration. Then again, insufficient production capacity can bring about decrease in orders which could provoke client dissatisfaction. Lacking capacity could in like manner realize over utilization of existing hardware and labour. Franklin Fan Company ought to have the capacity to coordinate business, development and capacity planning for long term presence (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, n.d). Recommendations A manager can keep up a high state of capacity by keeping up a vital distance from bottlenecks in the production procedure. A bottleneck is a condition of blockage that moderates the procedure. Any event that stops production extends expenditure and may postpone a shipment of goods to a client. Deferrals may mean losing a customer order and possibly the loss of future business from the customer. Management can avoid bottlenecks by working with dependable sellers and appropriately training representatives (MSG, n.d). In case the manufacturing of the CF151 and PF302 fans are provided a level of quality, the Franklin Fan organization should make the fans and store them for the low demand season to counterbalance manufacturing limit requirement at the time when demand is high. This right idea ought to be used if the standardization is up to a determined level of generation of the fans. With the support of standardization, Franklin Fan Company can adjust capacity prerequisites in the mids t of time when demand is high by producing stock in the time of low demand.

Editing Example

Editing Example Editing – Essay Example In conclusion, Blue Brush hair studio based in Qatar seeks to surpass its competitors and to be successful inside and outside Qatar. It aims to offerbest services to distinguish it from other competitors. In this paper, we developed a strategic plan, which is useful for maintaining the unique success and achieving the target of growth. Our plan analyzed the internal and external environments, to address the studios strengths and weaknesses. The paper also discussed external opportunities and threats. We used the manager interview results, the employees’ survey, and the customers’ survey. Blue Brush’s hair studio quality and service are the major strengths that have to be maintained. On the other hand, we have some recommendations for the studios weaknesses especially in regards to the location. We applied the Mckinsey 7-S Model, which includes shared value, style, system, structure, strategy, skills, and staff to have a profound look at the studios management. Furthermore, the external environment was assessed by using Porter’s Five Forces Model. The model addresses five competitive areas that have an effect on Blue Brush’s hair studio performance in the market. Besides, the paper presented strategic map diagram and the industry lifecycle stages. Particular emphasis was the position of Blue Brush hair studio in the current studio services industry. The analysis comprehensively compared between the studio and its direct competitors. After the inclusive study, we listed some SMART objectives. Finally, we developed an implementation plan for four selected goals, which we believe are the most helpful for Blue Bush hair studio at this stage. Editing Example Editing – Essay Example I selected this dish in keeping with the idea that diets without meat are the healthiest diets. We are trying to make a green, healthy dish. We started by using five flavorful and healthy vegetables as the basis for our dish. These include tomatoes, zucchinis, green and red peppers, and onions. These all contain important nutrients such as carbohydrates, fiber and vitamins that must be consumed each day. Peppers and zucchinis contain much more vitamin C then the others, but they all are very healthy. These five kinds of vegetable can deliver an individual’s daily value of vitamin K, B-6, A, and vitamin E. Next, we considered adding eggs provide the dish’s fat content. Eggs are also one of the only foods that contain naturally occurring vitamin D. Our third consideration was how many calories the dish should have. We are all females in our group and have calculated that given our average weight and height, age and activity level, we should consume about 2608 calories per day. In this dish, we have 88 calories from tomatoes, 60 calories from green peppers and 46 calories from a red pepper, 4 calories from onion, 20 calories from zucchini, 120 calories from olive oil, 360 calories from eggs and 230 calories for a wheat wrap for a total of 928 calories. This would account for the major meal of the day. Our final consideration in planning this dish was economic. All of these ingredients are fairly cheap and easily available at the supermarket. We believe this dish is very healthy because of the wide variety of nutrients and vitamins found in the ingredients. Editing Example Editing – Essay Example For Dr. Pack, our UPenn gastroenterologist collaborator, to test the toxi of compound 2 in the zebrafish bioassay, we provided Dr. Porter with the compound.At the end of the chemical reaction session, a certain research grouped challenged that they were in a position to isoflavone using AlCl3in dioxane. In this case, the group did not state any conditions for this reaction to take place. As such, I decided to optimize the reaction conditions starting with the model compound Chromanone. In this case, I mixed chromanone and AlCl3 in dioxane and then refluxed the content for 3 hours. Unfortunately I did not obtain positive results and hence I was prompted to repeat the procedure. In this attempt, I decreased dioxane’s volume from 50 ml to 20 ml, used 10% of AlCl3, and I prolonged the reaction time from 3 hours to 12 hours. During the reaction, I monitored the proceeding using TLC. However, I did not obtain the intended products after several tests. In the third attempt I changed most of the conditions and measured used in the first two trials. In this case, I used 0.500 gm of chromanone in 20 ml dioxane and 0.40 mg of AlCl3 which represents 10% of the starting material. I also reduced the frequency of monitoring to 2 hours. After the first two hours, the starting materials had completely disappeared. This indicated that I had optimized TLC condition, by using different ratio of ethyl acetate and hexane. Then, I ran prep-TLC and I realized 4 different compounds. I then separated these 4 new products and conducted tests by NMR. However, the 4 compounds did not match the expected NMR spectrum of the desired product.My failure in these experiments prompted me to carry out research in journals and other materials. In this case, I came across some work discussing ring opining reaction on isoflavanones. The source has indicated all the condition and the details about the experiment. However, the source suggests that I should use LiAlH4 which is a hazardous chemica l. We had training with Dr. West on pyrophoric materials and now we are fully prepared to do the reaction.

Center Around and Centre Round

Center Around and Centre Round Center Around and Centre Round Center Around and Centre Round By Maeve Maddox The phrases â€Å"center around† (US) and â€Å"centre round† (Br) are often heard in speech and seen in writing on the Web: Other concerns centered around decreased property values.- Book published by SUNY Press, 2004. Our concerns center around response time to our emergency rooms.- Statement issued by a Florida medical center. The main  issues centre round  the high level of ambient noise in the area.- Canadian newspaper. These concerns centre round the following issues:- Trinity College, Dublin. These proposals centre round the proposition that core labour standards should be incorporated into a â€Å"social clause† in international trade agreements.- Australian source. The economic crisis gives rise to its own particular claims, specifically those brought by lenders against solicitors and valuers, which tend to centre round the professional’s alleged failure to report information which would have affected the decision to lend.- UK law journal. British and American style guides generally advise against this usage on the grounds that it is illogical. The preferred prepositions to use with the verb center/centre are on and in. The objection to â€Å"center around† is that something centered is fixed in a certain place. Therefore, it cannot move around something else. Concerns may â€Å"revolve around issues,† but they cannot â€Å"center around† them. The edition of Fowler’s Modern English Usage published in 1924 does not mention this idiom, but the Second Edition, published in 1965 and revised by Sir Ernest Gowers, calls attention to it. Admitting that idioms are not required to be logical, the editor nevertheless rejects â€Å"centre round† because â€Å"centre in† or â€Å"centre on† are logical, and â€Å"centre round† is not: There is nothing to be said for preferring the illogical centre round, as though centre and gather were synonymous. As a noun centre has its own precise meaning and should not be used as a genteelism for middle. The Penguin Writer’s Manual (2002) points out that, logically, the verb centre should be â€Å"followed by the prepositions at, in, on, or upon.† However, it also notes that â€Å"the phrase centre around or round is well established and has been used by many respected writers such as Conrad and Kipling.† The Chicago Manual of Style weighs in against â€Å"center around† in its â€Å"Good usage versus common usage† section: Although this illogical phrasing does have apologists, careful writers tend to use either center on or revolve around. Professor Brians (Common Errors in English Usage) has nothing mitigating to say in its defense: Two perfectly good expressions- â€Å"center on† and â€Å"revolve around†- get conflated in this nonsensical neologism. When a speaker says his address will â€Å"center around the topic of† whatever, my interest level plummets. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidCannot or Can Not?How to Style Legislative Terms

'The great strength of the market is that it is a decentralised means Essay

'The great strength of the market is that it is a decentralised means of resource allocation.' Discuss - Essay Example However, the markets deviate because of the demand and supply levels that shape the market conditions. The following context is a depth discussion of free market enterprise economies with incorporation of the liberalists and socialists approaches. Innovation The free market economies are crucial for general growth of a country as the production factors seem to coincide with the market forces in exploitation of resources to achieve improvement in lives through the satisfaction of consumer needs (Lightenstein, 2005:56). Economists argue that free markets comprise of sellers of different products and buyers to the different products and the extent at which these factors prevail without coercion is the best of economic growth. Mainly, supply of the products is dependent on demand levels prevailing in the market. A supplier defines a particular need for a product in the market and depicts on the best method of solving the consumer need (Block, and Block, 2008:58). At this point, the suppl ier shall indulge in the process of developing a product tailored to cater for the anticipated need. Producers to new products in a free market find ease in accessing value through the effective ascertainment of anticipated needs from the target consumers. This occurs from the essence that the consumer expresses the needs he feels deprived of and at that point, the innovative and knowledgeable producer gains access to a product idea (Kasper, 2006:122). A producer should depict the market eyed on and establish the probable rate of competition that may prevail in the market. Economists hold on innovation as of critical value to enhancing production and increased economic performances at the long run (Barth, Lin, and Wihlborg, 2012:43). For example, a new product in a free market enterprise encourages different producers to derive a norm that producing towards the different consumer needs could be beneficial to the urge to grow. As Smith established in the 18th century, suppliers deriv e the urge to produce just as the consumers derive the urge to purchase a given. Studies depict that innovative supply of products is positive to growth in the economy. For example, a new product in the market would imply to a new demand and supply module that will include a monopolistic competition approach. The law is that the product will gain a gradual increase in the level of demand and slowly incline in accordance to the purchase model (Lightenstein, 2005:59). This process shall implicate a level of returns on investment to the producer who shall in turn engage in production of more output to cater for the raising demand. At this point, producers shall stand the threat of competition in the absence of substitute commodities in the market. Free market economists embrace monopolistic competition as ideal in that different suppliers have distinct products thus will attract different buyers. Therefore, monopolistic competition is relative to decreased rivalry (Kasper, 2006:124). T he libertarians hold on free market as ideal to the distribution of wealth and equity to the entire society in general. For example, the new products shall lead to the creation of employment rates for knowledgeable and innovative individuals. This labor force shall derive earnings from the initial demand of the product at the initial price (Barth, Lin, and Wihlborg, 2012:45). With the opposing factors remaining constant, the product demand shall increase accordingly and will be the yields to the producer. Hence, increased production

Ethics in the workplace Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics in the workplace - Coursework Example The Pregnancy Discrimination Act, however, protects women from discrimination during their pregnancy, a time at which their output can be limited (Niles, 2013). Americans with Disability Act (1990) and Rehabilitation Act (1973) are the most important labor laws to the disabled employee. Provisions of the rehabilitation act seek to ensure that employees with disabilities, and who work in specific category or organizations, access healthcare facilities form their employer. The Americans with Disability Act, however, ensures reasonable treatment of disabled employees (Niles, 2013). Civil Rights Act (1964) is the most important labor law to the African American because among other provisions, the law protects people against race-based discrimination during hiring and during employment (Niles, 2013). The Civil Rights Act (1964) is also the most important legislation to the Muslim employee who may be susceptible to religion-based discrimination that could occur during hiring and during employment (Niles,

Product Strategy And Management Jet Airways

Product Strategy And Management Jet Airways On a bright sunny morning of May 2011, Naresh Goyal, the founder chairman of Jet Airways was going through the financial reports for the year ended March 2011 while having his regular cup of coffee. Jet Airways had posted losses for the quarter ended March 11 while it had posted a meager profit of 9.69 crores for the FY11 after three years of consecutive losses. The company was thinking of ways to bring the airlines back into consistent profit-making ways. The company currently offered three brands of airline services: the premium service- Jet and the low cost models- JetLite and JetKonnect. The companys main competitor in the premium space was Air India and Kingfisher while it had a lot of competitors in the low cost carrier segment. JetLite had contributed 75% to the groups domestic revenue in the June quarter but a lot of questions were raised about the logic behind operating two low cost models at the same time when such intense competition was there in the segment. Naresh Goyal had to take a decision soon about the future that his company should take in relation to these low cost models. Indian Airlines Industry Pre-liberalization Era At the time of independence in India, there were eight companies were in service within and outside the country namely Tata Airlines (renamed as Air India), Indian National Airways, Air service of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat Airways and Mistry Airways. In 1953, the government nationalized the airlines via the Air Corporations Act, 1953, which gave birth to Indian Airlines and Air India. Indian Airlines came into being with the merger of eight domestic airlines to operate domestic services, while Air India International was to operate the overseas services. Furthermore, the Act gave monopoly power to Indian Airlines to operate on domestic scheduled services ruling out any other operator. Air India became the single Indian carrier to operate on international itinerary excluding some routes to the neighboring countries which were given to Indian Airlines. Liberalization and Private Players Entry The services offered by the two state-owned airlines were not up to the mark. So, in the early 1990s, Indian government initiated liberalisation of Indian airlines industry and relaxation in rules and regulations for private players to operate in this industry. As a consequence to this the Air Corporations Act was repealed in 1994 and private players were allowed to operate scheduled services. In 1995, Air Sahara, Jet Airways, Damania Airways, East West Airlines, Modiluft and NEPC Airways were granted scheduled carrier status. But only four operators- Jet Airways, Air Sahara, Jagsons and Spicejet (previously operated as Modiluft) started operations by 1997 and continued to operate. Eventually, by 1998, at least six private airlines, East- West, Modi-Luft, NEPC, Damania, Gujarat Airways and Span Air were closed. The arrival of private players in the aviation industry improved the services offered by the players as competition created an incentive to improve services offered. By 2003, only two private carriers survived to see the sunrise of the new century, i.e. Jet and Sahara. The survival of Jet Airways could be attributed to its sound financial planning and extraordinary management team since its inception. Arrival of Low Cost Carriers In 2003, a major breakthrough happened in the airlines industry when Air Deccan started its operations as Indias first Low Cost Career (LCC). The arrival of Air Deccan gave competition to the extant duopoly of Jet Airways and Sahara Airlines. It also changed the fare structure in the industry from two-way economy and business class fares into multiple options of including check fares, web fares, APEX fares, internet auctions, Special discounts, corporate plans, last day fares, promotional fares etc. Since the entry of Air Deccan, the passenger traffic in the airlines industry has grown tremendously. In the next two years, Kingfisher, Spice Jet, Indigo, Go Air and Paramount also started as LCCs in India. The consolidation phase in the Indian Airlines Industry In 2007, Jet acquired Sahara, Kingfisher acquired Air Deccan and Indian Airlines and Air India were merged to form a single entity named Air India. A comparative account of aircraft movements, passenger count and freight in the first quarter of 2011-12 over that of the previous year is given in Exhibit 1. Company History Jet Airways Company founder Naresh Goyal completed his graduation in Commerce in 1967 and joined the travel business at the age of 18 as a general sales agent (GSA) for the Lebanese International Airlines. From 1967 to 1974 he learnt the intricacies of the travel business through his association with several foreign airlines. In May 1974, he formed his own company, Jetair (Private) Limited, to market other foreign airlines in India. When the Indian government reopened the domestic aviation market to private carriers, it provided an opportunity to Goyal who established Jet Airways (India) Private Limited in 1991. On April 1, 1992, Jet Airways was incorporated as an air-taxi operator in India. It started out its domestic operations on 5th May 1993. With an initial fleet comprising of 4 leased Boeing 737 aeroplanes, Jetairways soon expanded to include international operations with its maiden international flight from Chennai to Colombo. Jet presently connects 52 domestic destinations. Jet strengthened its position as the airline for the business community considerably during 90s. 80%of its passengers were business class passengers who chose its services because of its punctuality and excellent service. 95% of its passengers rated the airline as good or excellent. In March 2004, Jet Airways acquired license to fly over international routes and it presently connects 24 international destinations. Formation of JetLite and JetKonnect On 12 April 2007, Jet acquired Air Sahara for USD 340 million. Air Sahara was renamed as JetLite and was positioned to serve the segment that was emerging to be new customers of airline services offered at low prices. During the recession of 2008, Jet was facing falling revenues. Hence it decided to allocate some of its aircraft from Jet Airways to cater to the LCC segment as purchasing power of people was low at that time. There were regulatory delays in transferring aircrafts from Jet Airways to JetLite as these two had different operator codes. On 8 May 2009, Jet Airways launched a new low-cost brand called Jet Konnect to operate on sectors that had less than 50% or less load factor. Competitive Landscape In the phase from 2003-2006, the entry of Air Deccan marked a new point in Indian aviation: India had its first low cost/no frills airline. By matching aircraft fares with upper class railway fares, this was an era where passenger traffic went up and intense competition among the players started. Spurred by the success of Air Deccan, other LCCs such as Spicejet, Indigo, GoAir began operations. Air Deccan was acquired by Kingfisher airlines and became the LCC called Kingfisher Red. Some of the major players providing competition to Jet today are Indigo and SpiceJet. Kingfisher, which once used to be a tough competitor in the non-LCC segment is now a very weak competitor. Indigo Currently, this LCC is the market leader and the only profitable airline service in India. Their main focus is on on-time performance and service which are main consumer needs. Through this and a whole host of cost cutting measures, they have ensures that they remain profitable. The airline is on an expansion mode to other major cities of the country as well as international destinations. Indigo scores better than the low cost JetLite and JetKonnect on the service dimension. In terms of communication, Indigo ads focus mainly on their own time performance and the hassle-free experience. To break the ad clutter, Indigo differentiated its ads: it came up with an innovative ad picturised on the form of a Broadway musical. The ad also showed uniformed stewards and air hostesses in Indigos blue uniform which was a great way to portray their brand identity.  [1]   Kingfisher Owned by Vijay Mallya, its the most flamboyant airline in India and fares much better than Jet in terms of in flight and on ground services. It is a major luxury airline operating an extensive network and had expansion plans for regional and long-haul services. Currently, it is in bad financial health due to which its flights have been plagued by delays and as a consequence, its image has taken a severe beating. In terms of communication, Flying High was the tagline used in the Kingfisher video ad2 that exhibited liberation and flying through its picturization2. Kingfisher was positioned as a luxury brand and this was conveyed clearly through the video. However, similar to Jet, Kingfisher didnt release any video ad for the low cost carrier (Kingfisher Red) it started operating after acquiring Air Deccan. The luxury positioning of Kingfisher, which resulted in confusion when Red started operations, was one of the factors that was leading to its growing unpopularity. Its future, at least in Goyals point of view, looked bleak. Hence he focussed more on other competitors while strategizing for the future of Jet. SpiceJet It is Indias second largest low cost airline and third largest in terms of market share. It was originally started as Modiluft airways back in 1993 in partnership with Lufthansa. Over the years, it changed hands and got rebranded as SpiceJet and operates as a low cost carrier. SpiceJets communication focuses on the main attributes of the airline: service to unaccompanied minors, option of choosing your own seat etc. But, these features fall either in the categories of basic/performance attributes that any airline should have. SpiceJet hasnt taken any measures in their service to upgrade these features to the excitement category so as to be differentiated from other players. Tipping points in the history Sahara acquisition Spreading wings In year 2005-06, when Air Sahara was exploring the opportunities for private placements of its equity, several airlines like SpiceJet and Kingfisher showed their interest for stake in the company. However the deal couldnt be made because Kingfisher thought the price set was too high given the not so strong financials of Sahara. Later, Jet Airways came into the picture and showed strong interest in buying out the airline. This merger had several strategical objectives behind it: Jet will have a strong position in the Indian Airline industry with almost 50% of the market share. Jet would become the only private carrier to fly international with no competition for 3 years because other carriers were relatively new. And as per regulations, it would have needed minimum of 3 years of domestic operation before going international. Jet would have a complete dominance of parking bays and airport infrastructure. Jet could now easily increase its capacity without expanding supply. The merger happened in 2007 and Jet Airways branded Air Sahara as JetLite and positioned it as low cost carrier to compete against low cost carrier at that time. If we look at this merger strategy from Ansoffs matrix framework, we can say that the move was more of Diversification strategy. This can be justified by the fact that JetLite was positioned as low cost carrier as a new product for Jet (Jet was known as full cost carrier) and they targeted new market segment which was low cost. However, this turning point for Jet proved to be too costly as it moved from a profit-making airline to a loss-maker and hasnt recovered yet. (Refer Exhibit 2 for sales and profit trends). Jet Konnect Another Jet brand In year 2009, when Indian economy was not doing well, the international operations of Indian airlines were affected too. At the same time, Jet Airways was facing stiff competition from low cost carriers and JetLite was not doing well in the domestic market with just around 7% of market share. Thus in the same year, Jet launched low cost brand named Jet Konnect to fight with the low cost carriers on routes with higher passenger load factor. Instead of expanding the existing brand JetLite, the decision to establish a new subsidiary was to avoid the regulatory delays associated with moving excess aircraft from Jet Airways to JetLite which had separate operating codes. Jet Konnect offered no-frill services. Almost 3 years after its introduction, positioning of Jet Konnect seems to be working for the fact that 70% of all the seats that Jet sells in the domestic market come from Jet Konnect itself. But even after the introduction of JetKonnect, the company has been making losses. Thus, though Jet Konnect strategy may have helped Jet to retain its market share near 28%, clearly it failed to make a long term business plan. Issues- Increasing Sales; Decreasing Profits The financials indicate that sales have been increasing throughout the past 12 years, but the profits have not followed the trend. The company which had started to make increasing and positive profits since the internationalization of its operations in 2004, started showing declining profits that soon dwindled into losses after the acquisition of Air Sahara. Recovery from the losses has been very slow. Goyal wondered if this was because of the inability of transferring the synergies from Jets primary business of full service to no-frills service. Brand Confusion Goyal also wondered if having two low-cost brands was a good idea, as it could have possibly led to people not being able to differentiate between JetLite and JetKonnect. At the time of inception of JetKonnect it had seemed like the best option possible to earn revenues in a slowing market and it had to be implemented quickly without waiting for the settlement of legal issues of including Jets fleet under JetLites name. But now, thinking back, Goyal wondered if he had moved too fast. Brand Dilution Jet used to be considered a premium brand offering full services. With the extension of the name Jet to the new no-frills brands JetLite and JetKonnect, Goyal wondered if there has been a dilution in the brands equity. Ideally, JetLite and JetKonnect were meant to be downgraded versions of Jet. Did the market perceive it this way? Or was Jet being seen as an upgraded version of the low-cost carriers (and thus occupying only a second place in the mindspace of the consumer)? Has the extension resulted in cannibalization of Jet? The way forward- Alternatives Entry into LCC segment had started off the loss-making phase for Jet and the introduction of a new LCC brand hadnt helped the company make positive profits. If the LCC segment were to be still operated by Jet, streamlining the product portfolio of the group to offer the guests a single superior in-flight product in the full-service and low-fare categories respectively was the only viable option as seen in the alternatives he jotted down to be discussed with his strategy team. Merge JetLite and Jet Konnect; brand it as JetLite. Merge JetLite and Jet Konnect; brand it as Jet Konnect. Merge JetLite and Jet Konnect; brand it as a different new brand. Exit the Low Cost Carrier segment to overcome brand dilution. The next day, he put forth these to the team and asked for a solution to the issue at hand and a suggestion for the way forward. Analysis- Arriving at a solution After the meeting with Goyal, the strategy team split themselves into sub-groups: one analyzing the communications of Jets brands and one conducting market research to understand peoples brand associations with respect to Jet. They aimed to view the current position of the brands with respect to the value as well as price perceived by the market. Communications of Jets brands Jet Airways A set of formal ads was released in 2007, without any celebrity attraction [  [2]  ]. These ads focussed on the various attributes featured in the three classes of air travel, without any voice-over. The tagline used was Change the way you fly. This was followed by a set of TV Commercials (storyboards in Exhibit 3) released in 2008, starring Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan, for the First Class, Premiere Class and Economy Class of Jet Airways. The airline was positioned as a service-oriented one that took care of the little things that add to the good experience of the customer. In addition, there were hoardings speaking about connectivity as well as reinforcing the taglines of the video advertisements. An interesting case in point was when Kingfisher took an ambush initiative and put up a hoarding over Jets hoarding (that spoke about Jet having changed and asking people to visit their site to know more); Kingfisher took credit saying that it was responsible for the change. This was followed by GoAirs ambush of Kingfisher and Jet, by putting up a hoarding on top of the two existing hoardings, saying that they havent changed and still remain the smartest way to fly. This campaign resulted in publicity for all three brands. JetLite JetKonnect Not much of advertising was done for these two brands- a possible reason for the confusion between the two, prevailing among people. A few print ads for JetKonnect were released when the airline was introduced (Ref. Exhibit 4-a). One of them had personnel wearing the same attire as Jet Airways personnel. This was aimed at reinforcing the good service quality in JetKonnect (by linking it to the service of Jet Airways) but it resulted in brand dilution and cannibalization of Jet Airways, when a low cost carrier (JetKonnects ads spoke about Low Fares) was perceived to offer an equally good service. The print ad of JetLite (Ref. Exhibit 4-b) reinforced the low-cost feature by displaying the price (Rs. 1001) prominently, for a few domestic routes. Brand Associations Depth Interviews- Depth interviews conducted across six people in the age group of 22-27 who had travelled by Jet Airways, JetLite and JetKonnect. This segment was chosen because they would be part of the major class of air travellers in the coming decades. Questions were posed (Ref. Exhibit 5) to understand their requirements from airlines services and their views on the three brands that Jet had. The respondents could be classified into two major categories: Those who expect comfortable travel and service quality and are willing to pay for these Those who are very price-conscious and do not care much for service The people in the former category associated Jet with comfortable travel and thus preferred it for long journeys; those in the latter category did not associate anything exceptionally good with Jet. Some even felt that they were too high priced for the quality of service they offered. None of the people interviewed had seen the advertisements of Jet Airways with Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan starring in them. Some recalled seeing hoardings that spoke about good connectivity and some recalled the attire of the personnel and the logo. All the interviewed people used the online mode of checking prices via sites like makemytrip.com, yatra.com or cleartrip.com. Booking was made by some people at the respective airlines website while it was done by some others at the price checking portal. All were aware of the Jet Privilege Card program but only one was a user of it. Punctuality was a key expected attribute by all interviewees and all gave a positive feedback about IndiGo on that aspect. Jets brands were seen to be neither significantly good nor significantly bad with respect to punctuality. The comfort and quality-sensitive people gave Jet Airways a higher rating than JetLite or JetKonnect, while the price-sensitive people rated JetLite and JetKonnect over Jet Airways. No difference was perceived or observed between JetLite and JetKonnect. Is Jet an upgraded version of JetLite/Konnect (or) is JetLite/Konnect a downgraded version of Jet? From the customers ticket purchase behaviour (all of them used makemytrip.com or cleartrip.com or the likes), it was seen that they would first be shown the cheapest flights first (which is how those sites are programmed to function). Hence, a typical customer would first see JetLite / JetKonnects prices and then see the incremental price to be paid for Jet and then compare the price versus quality / extra features received from the full-service airline. Thus, it was observed that the LCC brands were becoming the anchor brands and Jet was seen as an upgrade. This was substantiated further in the analysis of a survey that was conducted (as explained below). A low-cost carrier being seen as an anchor brand is degenerative to the parent brand as brand dilution occurs and people associate even the parent with the LCCs attributes. Survey A survey (Ref. Exhibit 8 for the survey) of air travellers was conducted to identify the importance of various attributes to people and the rating of airlines on those attributes (Ref. Exhibit 6). This helped arrive at the Market Perceived Quality (MPQ) and Market Perceived Price (MPP) of the airlines relative to one another, which aided our comparative analysis and inferences regarding brand perceptions. Weight attached to attributes The attributes, in the order of importance, was seen to fall into 3 buckets. The first bucket has punctuality with a highest weightage of 21%. The second bucket has flight connectivity, baggage allowance and flight crews attitude, all with weights around 17-18%. The third bucket contains food-on board and in-flight entertainment with weights around 13-14%. (Ref. Exhibit 6-a). Punctuality has always been of paramount importance in any mode of transport. However, the interesting thing is the reduced weights given to the third bucket this was a direct result of the communication strategies followed by the low-cost carriers. Existence of Brand Confusion An MPQ as well as MPP analysis of JetLite versus JetKonnect throws up a score of 1.00, implying that there is no perceivable difference in the minds of the customer in terms of the two brands, leading to brand confusion and dilution. JetLite-Jet: Quality versus Price MPQ analysis (Ref Exhibit 6-e) of JetLite versus Jet shows that JetLite is only 89% of Jet with respect to quality, whereas an MPP (Ref Exhibit 6-f) analysis shows that Jetlites perceived price is 97% of that of Jet. Heence, people can easily perceive Jet to be priced only marginally higher than JetLite for a relatively better offer of quality. Hence they think that Jet is an upgraded version of JetLite. Indigo- Better Quality than Jet MPQ analysis of Jet versus IndiGo shows that Jet is marginally perceived to be of a lower quality than IndiGo, despite Jet being a full-service airline and IndiGo being a no-frills airline. This is indicative of the fact that people perceive punctuality (in which IndiGo excels) to be a very important quality. Thus a relatively new airline has managed to change the weight attached by people to punctuality, by showing them the value it can create for them by offering it. Perceptual Maps Also, based on the interview and survey responses, perception maps were constructed for airlines in India (Ref. Exhibit 7). It is seen that IndiGo offers very good price-value performance with respect to the top three attributes that people expect in airline service. No carrier operated in the Premium price-high connectivity quadrant, as it was not economical to offer full-service over short routes (that offer high / direct connectivity). Current brand name connotations (Lite signifies that it is a stripped down version of Jet; gives a negative connotation to the customer that he/she is losing some services of the original Jet airways) + (Gives the reliability of the parent brand, and the extension Konnect tries to point out to an additional attribute of connectivity, which according to the survey is highly valued) n/a (A name which would not include Jet in it) n/a Parent brand enhancement (A premium product and a stripped down product with the same brand name will lead to dilution) (A premium product and a stripped down product with the same brand name will lead to dilution) + (A name which would not include Jet in it; being a completely independent thing it would not tarnish Jets image with a low cost tag) + (Exiting from the LCC segment and just concentrating on the traditional segment completely eliminates the chances of brand dilution) Anchoring in the mind of the customer -Jet Airways versus LCC brand name (Jet is seen as the upgraded version of Jetlite (the perceived anchor, as shown in the analysis- Ref Exhibit 6-e,f)) (Jet is seen as the upgraded version of Jetkonnect, which is perceived to be the same as JetLite, (LCC is the perceived anchor, as shown in the analysis- Ref Exhibit 6-e,f)) + (With the LCC not having Jet in its brand name the first customer contact with Jet happens with Jet Airways and hence Jet remains the anchor brand) + (Completely exiting LCC, eliminates the whole threat of being anchored as a low-priced brand in customers mind) Recommendations by the strategy team The evaluation of the options indicates that the 3rd option (Merge Jetlite Jetkonnect; spin off with a new brand name) is the most viable, as it scores positively on all criteria. Currently the brands of jet are positioned as in Fig- 2. This can be modified to create a positioning map such that there are two different brands that are clearly separated, with distinct brand names that do not result in brand dilution or confusion. The positioning should be as in Fig-3: cid:[emailprotected] Fig 3: Current Jet Situation Fig 3: Jet after brand fusion Operational Recommendations for both brands of the company Punctuality- This is the most important attribute to the customers. Hence this has to be provided by both the full-service as well as the low-cost service airlines. Otherwise they would soon lose out to IndiGo. Connectivity- The new LCC brand should aggressively increase the number of directly connected locations to compete with IndiGo and SpiceJet. Communications- Clear and distinct communication strategy should be developed for both brands. For example, crew attire, colours in the print ads and such visible brand elements should be distinct, to avoid brand dilution. First Class Ad1 The description of the features such as a comfortable lie-flat bed, personal wardrobe, table for two and a door (that provides privacy) is done by a voice-over, accompanied by the visuals that show the protagonist experiencing them in an imaginary place of luxury, correlating each scene with the experience inside the flight. The comfort and luxury are communicated effectively and the ad ends with a tagline- Filled with the little touches that count and a written line displaying More than 400 international flights per week. Economy Class Ad2 The features- such as more space between rows of seats, more legroom (with a special leg-rest) and a cushion for back-rest- are shown as being enjoyed on board a flight by the protagonist, while a voice-over describes each one. The ad ends with a tagline Its the little touches that go a long way and a display of the words More than 400 international flights per week. Premiere Class Ad3 The features such as wider seats and more space for passengers are shown figuratively with a widening of a sofa on which the protagonist is seated and pushing the sofa down the room to create more space between the protagonist and another person. The features of a lie-flat bed and direct aisle access from all seats are shown in an in-flight environment. The possible absence of a figurative comparison for a lie-flat be  [3]  d could be to avoid confusion with the first class ad. The ad ends with the tagline Its the little touches that make a big difference and a display of the words More than 400 international flights per week. How frequently do you travel and for what purpose? While working- once in 3 weeks; purpose was official 12-13 times per year; personal(going home vacation) Once in 4-5 months; personal Do you have any preference for specific purposes; if so, why? Official- jet (to take advantage of frequent flier); Personal- Whichever is the cheapest(except Air India) Indigo over spicejet because of timely departure and arrival; likes jetlite as well because of the same reason; doesnt prefer jet because of food (as that adds to cost) Indigo any day- both personal business; punctuality is the best What comes to your mind when we say Jet ? Logo, nothing else High price. Jet was good once upon a time; Now, Jet doesnt give value for the amount charged Nothing premium; in-flight entertainment doesnt always work; food is the only differentiating factor, but it doesnt matter to me What 3 attributes make you choose JetLite over Jet Airways? Only Price Price, Punctuality (think Jetlite is better), Newer seats Only Price What 3 attributes make you choose Jet over JetLite ? Wont prefer; cost sensitive Will chose jet over jetlite in case there is no jetlite flight in that route+ if Jet travels quicker (can accept price that is higher by a max of Rs 1000) Only if I am not paying for it Have you seen ads of Jet? Remembers Hoarding; connects to (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) ; (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) flights to NY/SA; airhostess dress color; Yes; havent seen them in recent times; doesnt remember much Not recently; Kingfishers ambush-known due to prior academic input How do you book your tickets? Online-search for yatra coupons; Book the cheapest mode Check prices through makemytrip; book through the travel agent. Doesnt trust giving the card no. in the website Cleartrip.com site only Do you know about Jets loyalty programme? Yes; registered but didnt get the card /make use of it Heard about the reward points system from other people Yes; not a member as I dont fly regularly Do you perceive any difference between JetLite JetKonnect? If so, what? No Not much; jetlite has been more punctual and more sophisticated air crew; no change in food options No